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StakleffB_dis (final comments).pdf (3.22 MB)

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Mapping the Future of Motor Vehicle Crashes

Stakleff, Brandon Alexander
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1437129758

Abstract Details

2015, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Akron, Civil Engineering.
To reduce the occurrence of motor-vehicle crashes, professionals in education, enforcement, and engineering are continually tasked with implementing safety solutions. Identifying locations of high rates of crashes allows safety solutions to more adequately target their intended audience. This research examines advances in identifying hot spots of motor-vehicle crashes. These advancements come from improving: 1) the calculation of spatial autocorrelation and interpolation, 2) the identification of spatio-temporal patterns, and 3) the influence of geographical patterns on the spatial distribution of crashes. Overall, by improving the hot spot analysis, concerned professionals may be better prepared and lower the number of alcohol-related crashes. The location of hot spots is important in the implementation of enforcement campaigns. A lapse in accuracy may allow a vehicle operator suspected of disobeying traffic laws from being properly disciplined. Improvements in the calculation of spatial autocorrelation and interpolation result from the use of network distances instead of Euclidean based distances. Network based distances increase the accuracy of resulting hot spots. With the accuracy of hot spots improved, the optimal times to implement safety campaigns in their identified areas become important. Many hot spots purely analyze crashes as if they all occurred at the same time. By investigating crashes in this manner, some key influences may be lost and the efficiency of the implemented campaign may be reduced. Spatio-temporal hot spot are examined and show that as time progresses, clusters of crashes occur and disappear throughout space. By moving campaign sites as the location of crashes move, the overall efficiency of campaign tactics would benefit. Hot spots of crashes have continually been scrutinized for their focus on areas of large populations. In an effort to rectify this belief, the normalization of hot spot is examined in relation to population density. It is found that the strict use of population density provides unfavorable results. Instead, the identification of hot spots through either the frequency or societal crash costs varies the resulting hot spot location. Using crash frequency allows for high visibility/mass target campaigns to best be realized. Meanwhile, the use of societal costs best targets high valued crash occurrences.
William Schneider IV, Dr. (Advisor)
Stephen Duirk, Dr. (Committee Member)
Anil Patnaik, Dr. (Committee Member)
Scott Sawyer, Dr. (Committee Member)
Mark Fridline, Dr. (Committee Member)
106 p.
Civil Engineering; Transportation
Alcohol-Related Crashes; Crash Analysis; Spatial Analysis; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Hot Spot Analysis

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Stakleff, B. A. (2015). Mapping the Future of Motor Vehicle Crashes [Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1437129758

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Stakleff, Brandon. Mapping the Future of Motor Vehicle Crashes. 2015. University of Akron, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1437129758.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Stakleff, Brandon. "Mapping the Future of Motor Vehicle Crashes." Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1437129758

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

akron1437129758
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This open access ETD is published by University of Akron and OhioLINK.