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Regulation of the Menkes Protein in neuroendocrine Cells in Response to Copper

Singh, Prashant
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237841061

Abstract Details

2009, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, Biological Sciences.
Copper is an essential trace element required as an integral component of several important enzymes including cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase, lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, dopamine β-monooxygenase, and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The Menkes protein (MNK) is a copper-translocating P-type ATPase that plays a crucial role in copper homeostasis as well as the efflux of copper out of cells. MNK is localized to the trans-Golgi network in fibroblasts and contributes to the delivery of copper to the cuproenzymes listed above. Mutations in MNK are known to cause Menkes disease, a lethal X-linked recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, connective tissue and bone abnormalities as well as early childhood death. Previous studies have reported that the expression and trafficking of MNK in response to changes in copper levels is primarily regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, and does not involve de novo protein synthesis in fibroblasts. We are studying the expression of the MNK protein in adrenocorticotropic derived tumor cells (AtT-20), which differ from fibroblasts in that they express MNK endogenously and have a regulated secretory pathway in addition to a constitutive pathway. Using Western blot analyses, we determined that MNK protein expression is altered in AtT-20 cells when cultured in varying levels of copper and undergoes de novo protein synthesis. We also determined that this alteration of MNK expression is specific to copper and not to other transition metal ions. Furthermore, we observed that PAM, a cuproenzyme, remains unchanged in its expression in AtT-20 cells in varying copper levels. Using the techniques of subcellular fractionation and Western blotting, we observed that MNK localizes to the TGN and secretory vesicles under steady-state conditions and in excess copper conditions appears more enriched in vesicles that may be secretory in nature. Moreover, using reverse transcriptase PCR, we did not observe change in the MNK transcript in AtT-20 cells in response to copper levels. Taken together, these studies suggest that MNK undergoes translational regulation in response to changes in copper levels in AtT-20 cells and that it may play a unique role in neuroendocrine cells.
Tami Steveson, Ph.D. (Advisor)
Raymond Larsen, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
George Bullerjahn, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Ana Maria Oyarce, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Roudabeh Jamasbi, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
83 p.
Biology
Menkes Protein; ATP7A; Copper; Gene expression

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Singh, P. (2009). Regulation of the Menkes Protein in neuroendocrine Cells in Response to Copper [Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237841061

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Singh, Prashant. Regulation of the Menkes Protein in neuroendocrine Cells in Response to Copper. 2009. Bowling Green State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237841061.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Singh, Prashant. "Regulation of the Menkes Protein in neuroendocrine Cells in Response to Copper." Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237841061

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

bgsu1237841061
746
© 2009, some rights reserved.Creative Commons License Regulation of the Menkes Protein in neuroendocrine Cells in Response to Copper by Prashant Singh is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by Bowling Green State University and OhioLINK.