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Development and Initial Evaluation of an Ecstasy Craving Questionnaire

Davis, Alan Kooi
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1335999475

Abstract Details

2012, Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, Psychology/Clinical.
Numerous questionnaires have been published to assess craving for a wide variety of drugs, but no such instrument has been developed to assess craving for MDMA/ecstasy. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of such a questionnaire. First, I developed a pool of 19 potential items by modifying questions from other instruments assessing craving for other substances and writing new items that applied specifically to MDMA/Ecstasy. Next, using three websites (bluelight.ru, pillreports.com, facebook.com), I recruited 217 regular users of MDMA/ecstasy to complete a series of ecstasy-related questionnaires. Following an initial rating of their agreement with 19 craving items, participants watched one of two 3-minute cue-exposure videos: (a) dancing plus music at a club/rave with interspersed photos of ecstasy pills or (b) marching band on a football field and music with interspersed photos of peanuts. Following cue-exposure, subjects re-rated their agreement with the same 19 items, and completed questionnaires to assess their motivations for using ecstasy, refusal self-efficacy, obsessive/harmonious engagement in ecstasy use, drug/alcohol use and problems, and demographic information. Based on a conceptualization of craving that emphasized current desire, intention to consume and loss of control, I eliminated 11 potential items that appeared redundant or assessed outcome expectancies to yield the final 8-item version of the Ecstasy Craving Questionnaire-Current Craving (ECQ-CC). None of these 8 items were “unbalanced” (i.e., 80+% agreed or disagreed) nor were any pairs of the 8 items highly inter-correlated (r > 0.70). Internal reliability consistency across the 8 items was high (α = 0.93). The criterion validity of the ECQ-CC was supported by significant positive correlations of craving scores with motives for use, number of problems related to drug use, frequency of ecstasy use, and levels of obsessive/harmonious engagement in ecstasy use. I also found a significant negative correlation with self-efficacy to refuse ecstasy. As one element of construct validity, I also found a statistically significant interaction between time (pre vs. post cue exposure) x condition (rave/pills video vs. band/peanuts video), F(1, 215) = 5.276, p = .023. I plan to conduct further testing with different samples of drug takers to evaluate the generalizability of these initial findings.
Harold Rosenberg, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Robert Carels, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
John Tisak, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
76 p.
Psychology
craving; MDMA; ecstasy; psychometric

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Davis, A. K. (2012). Development and Initial Evaluation of an Ecstasy Craving Questionnaire [Master's thesis, Bowling Green State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1335999475

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Davis, Alan. Development and Initial Evaluation of an Ecstasy Craving Questionnaire. 2012. Bowling Green State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1335999475.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Davis, Alan. "Development and Initial Evaluation of an Ecstasy Craving Questionnaire." Master's thesis, Bowling Green State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1335999475

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

bgsu1335999475
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© 2012, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by Bowling Green State University and OhioLINK.