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Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene

Tse, Albert Sze-Kwong

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1990, Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, Macromolecular Science.
In this work, the structure-property relationships and the damage mechanisms of translucent blends of experimental chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were studied. The damage mechanisms of the PVC control with a semicircular notch and with a sharp notch were also reported. Chapter 1 examines the effects of CPE chlorine content and chlorine distribution on the morphology, optical clarity and toughness of blends with PVC. Increasing the residual crystallinity and increasing chlorine both increased the refractive index closer to that of PVC. A linear relationship was observed between the fourth power of the refractive index and the CPE glass transition temperature. With a phase separated blend morphology in all cases, improved transparency was achieved in this system by reducing the refractive index difference between CPE and PVC. Modifications of the experimental CPE resins that improved optical transparency of the blends also reduced the toughness enhancement. Chapter 2 describes the stress-whitened damage zone that formed ahead of a semicircular notch of translucent PVC/CPE blends during slow tensile loading. When the zone was small, the plane strain condition applied and from the elastic stress distribution a constant mean st ress condition was found at the boundary of the damage zone. The critical volume strain was independent of composition and was the controlling parameter for cavitation. When the zone was larger, the shape was qualitatively described by stress redistribution concepts. Macroscopic flow and necking were only detected near the maximum in the stress-displacement curve. The damage mechanisms of PVC with a semicircular notch under slow tensile loading as a function of specimen thickness is reported in Chapter 3. Core yielding composed of slip lines grew from the notch surface in the center of the specimen. A stress-whitened zone was initiated near the tip of the initial slip line zone. The critical mean stress for stress-whitening was calculated to be 42.5 ± 1.5 MPa by a plastic stress analysis of a pressure-dependent yield material. By assuming a constant mean stress along the zone boundary, a one-dimensional shifting of the elastic stress distribution was obtained at different remote stresses. The stress-whitening was attributed to voiding from SEM of cryofracture surfaces. At higher stresses, shear flow processes similar to polycarbonate were observed, namely hinge shear and intersecting shear for thick and thin sheet, respectively. Crazing was absent in thoroughly clean specimens.
Anne Hiltner (Advisor)
214 p.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Tse, A. S.-K. (1990). Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene [Doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054834010

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Tse, Albert. Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene. 1990. Case Western Reserve University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054834010.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Tse, Albert. "Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene." Doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054834010

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)