While most theorists in the sociological tradition ascribe to a dualistic view of human nature, sociology as a discipline has tended toward a one-dimensional view of the self. Sociology has generally emphasized the cognitive determinants of behavior at the neglect of addressing the more atavistic human tendencies such as the basic biological impulses. Despite this, it is ultimately the interaction between the moral life and the lower instincts that determines human behavior and personality. The contention derived from social-psychological theorists is that a “balanced” integration between these binary psychological categories is ideal for optimal social functioning and mental health. The current work advances a conceptual model for operationalizing dual self-structure and examines the relationship between this model and symptoms of depression and social anxiety. Results of empirical tests support the notion that a balanced self decreases the likelihood of experiencing symptoms of depression and social anxiety. The study has implications for those interested in the study of self and its relationship to mental health outcomes. At a more general level, the current work also provides a foundation for bringing biological considerations into the sociological study of the self.