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Biology and ecology of Ambrosia Trifida L. seedling emergence

Schutte, Brian J
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1181937971

Abstract Details

2007, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) is a North American native summer annual that has become one of the most problematic weeds in the eastern Corn Belt. Management of A. trifida has been challenging in part because of its temporal seedling emergence pattern. In agricultural fields, seedling emergence continues sporadically throughout the growing season. Studies were conducted to 1) determine characteristics of seed dormancy loss in the natural environment, 2) determine the seed dormancy mechanism associated with prolonged seedling emergence, 3) model seedling emergence in agricultural fields, and 4) elucidate the maternal effects on seed bank persistence. Seed dormancy loss in the natural environment occurred in response to cold-moist conditions and involved the sequential reduction of embryo and coat-imposed dormancy. Embryo dormancy and its interaction with soil temperature was the dormancy mechanism primarily responsible for the prolonged seedling emergence pattern of agricultural populations. Two integrated Weibull models described seedling emergence as a function of hydrothermal time in tilled and no-tillage environments and two locations in Ohio. Models indicated emergence was insensitive to periods of no rainfall and that emergence occurred during two intervals separated by a period of little emergence around May 1. The biphasic emergence pattern was explained by diverse emergence times among the progeny of particular maternal plants. Maternal families characterized by smaller seeds were more likely to emerge after May 1st compared to maternal families characterized by larger seeds. Furthermore, maternal families with smaller seeds were more likely to remain viable in the soil after one emergence season compared to maternal families with larger seeds. Seed bank longevity was influenced by dispersal unit maturation time and maturation effects varied between years. The most persistent fraction of the seed population originated from small-seeded individuals at a particular time during the seed maturation period.
Regnier Emilie (Advisor)
164 p.
Seedling emergence; Seed dormancy; Emergence model; Seed size

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Schutte, B. J. (2007). Biology and ecology of Ambrosia Trifida L. seedling emergence [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1181937971

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Schutte, Brian. Biology and ecology of Ambrosia Trifida L. seedling emergence. 2007. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1181937971.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Schutte, Brian. "Biology and ecology of Ambrosia Trifida L. seedling emergence." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1181937971

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1181937971
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© 2007, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.