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The Will of God and the Will of the King: The Missionaries of Ocopa and Conflicts between Church and State in Mid-Eighteenth Century Colonial Peru

Jones, Cameron David
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236284274

Abstract Details

2009, Master of Arts, Ohio State University, History.
This thesis uses the loss of the Ocopa jungle missions to the rebellion of Juan Santos Atahualpa (1742-1752) to examine the changing political relationship between Church and State in mid-eighteenth-century Peru. Until the eighteenth century, Church and State had been traditional partners in the governance of Spain’s American possessions. With the ascension of the Bourbon dynasty in 1700, however, this partnership between Church and State began to deteriorate. This change was due in full measure to the adoption by many royal ministers, including Manso de Velásco, of regalism, an ideology inspired by the European Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason over tradition which championed the supreme authority of the monarch in all matters of state. Regalist ministers believed that political power in the Spanish empire should be centered in the monarchy rather than shared with other politically powerful institutions, such as the Church. The regular orders (Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Mercedarians and later Jesuits) were particularly suspect since they answered to their leaders in Rome, and not to the king. I argue that Viceroy José Antonio Manso de Velásco, Conde de Superunda, abandoned campaigns against the Juan Santos Atahualpa rebels in 1751 because it weakened the power of the Franciscan Order in Peru. This conclusion challenges previous historiography which contends that Manso de Velásco ended campaigns against the Juan Santos rebels because colonial resources were overextended by the 1746 Lima Earthquake and the Lima Conspiracy and the Huarochirí Rebellion in 1750. This thesis also calls for a re-evaluation of the periodization of the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish Americas, which some scholars argue do not begin in earnest until after the Seven Years War (1756 – 1763). I contend that Manso de Velásco’s actions against the Ocopa missionaries, along with other reforms throughout Peru, indicate an early Bourbon reform period which focused primarily on clerical reforms.
Kenneth Andrien, PhD (Advisor)
Stephanie Smith, PhD (Committee Member)
Alcira Duenas, PhD (Committee Member)
70 p.
Latin American History; Religious History
Catholicism; missionaries; Santa Rosa de Ocopa; Lima; earthquake; tsunami; Peru; eighteenth century; Bourbon Reforms; Jose Antonio Manso de Velasco; Conde de Superunda; Juan Santos Atahualpa; Ferdinand VI; Spain; Lima Conspiracy; Huarochiri; Montana Centr

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Jones, C. D. (2009). The Will of God and the Will of the King: The Missionaries of Ocopa and Conflicts between Church and State in Mid-Eighteenth Century Colonial Peru [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236284274

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Jones, Cameron. The Will of God and the Will of the King: The Missionaries of Ocopa and Conflicts between Church and State in Mid-Eighteenth Century Colonial Peru. 2009. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236284274.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Jones, Cameron. "The Will of God and the Will of the King: The Missionaries of Ocopa and Conflicts between Church and State in Mid-Eighteenth Century Colonial Peru." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236284274

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1236284274
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© 2009, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.