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High Dose Antimicrobial Protocols for Canine Urinary Tract Infections

Irom, Sara Julie
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274464691

Abstract Details

2010, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
Background: Treatment for canine urinary tract infections (UTI) typically consists of 7-14 days of empirically chosen antimicrobial drugs. Enrofloxacin is a veterinary approved fluoroquinolone (FQ) antimicrobial and is useful for treatment of canine UTI. Ciprofloxacin, the primary metabolite of enrofloxacin, contributes additive antimicrobial activity. Higher doses of FQs may inhibit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: 1) Determine if dogs with naturally occurring uncomplicated UTI have equivalent microbiologic cure with a high dose short duration protocol of enrofloxacin, compared to a standard antimicrobial protocol. 2) Measure urine concentrations of enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, following a 20mg/kg single oral dose in healthy dogs (n=6). Animals: Client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, uncomplicated UTI (n=38), and healthy dogs owned by students and staff of OSU-VMC (n=6). Methods: A multi-center clinical trial was conducted. Dogs were assigned to 1 of 2 groups in a randomized blinded manner. Dogs in group 1 received treatment with 18-20mg/kg oral enrofloxacin (Baytril®) once daily for 3 consecutive days. Dogs in Group 2 were treated with 13.75-25mg/kg oral amoxicillin-clavulante (Clavamox®) twice daily for 14 days. Urine and plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were measured following a single dose of 20mg/kg oral enrofloxacin in 6 healthy dogs. Results: Thirty-eight dogs completed the clinical trial. No difference in microbiologic cure was found between the enrofloxacin or the amoxicillin-clavulanate groups (P= 1.0). In the 6 healthy dogs, mean peak urine concentrations were 138.7 µg/mL (range 73.0 µg/mL – 226.0 µg/mL) for enrofloxacin and 370.9 µg/mL (range 200.5 µg/mL – 638.9 µg/mL) for ciprofloxacin. Two-hour mean plasma levels were 3.4 µg/mL (range 0.7 µg/mL – 8.9 µg/mL) for enrofloxacin and 0.5 µg/mL (range 0.18 µg/mL – 0.96 µg/mL) for ciprofloxacin. Conclusions and Clinical Relevence: The high-dose, short-duration enrofloxacin protocol was equivocally effective to the standard protocol in treating uncomplicated canine UTI in the sample patient population, and may represent a viable alternative therapeutic regime for similar patients. Ciprofloxacin contributes the majority of the antimicrobial activity in the urine after high dose enrofloxacin.
Joshua Daniels, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVM (Advisor)
Dennis Chew, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Committee Member)
Andrew Hillier, BVSc, MACVSc, Diplomate ACVD (Committee Member)
64 p.
Veterinary Services

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Citations

  • Irom, S. J. (2010). High Dose Antimicrobial Protocols for Canine Urinary Tract Infections [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274464691

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Irom, Sara. High Dose Antimicrobial Protocols for Canine Urinary Tract Infections. 2010. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274464691.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Irom, Sara. "High Dose Antimicrobial Protocols for Canine Urinary Tract Infections." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274464691

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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