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Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth, Development, Nutrient Concentration and Insect Performance of Plants Grown at Sub-Optimal Temperature

Rodriguez, Wilmer Mauricio
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299603101

Abstract Details

2011, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
The effect of elevated CO2 on growth, development, nutrient concentration and insect performance was evaluated in petunias (Petunia×hybrida Vilm.) and zinnias (Zinnia elegans L.) grown at sub-optimal air temperature. Elevated (700 µmol·mol-1) and ambient (390 µmol·mol-1) CO2 concentrations were used to grow plants in chambers and greenhouse environments using a recommended “optimal” (21 °C) and a sub-optimal (3 °C lower than optimal) air temperature. Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) was used at low and high rates to test the effect of CO2 and temperature on plant nutrition. Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) were infested on plants to evaluate oviposition and nymph development. The growth chamber study revealed that petunias and zinnias grown at elevated CO2 were shorter than plants at low CO2 levels. High fertility increased plant dry weight for both crops. While the number of flowers in zinnias was increased with high fertility, flower longevity and time to flower were not affected. On the other hand, higher number of flowers, longer flower longevity and shorter time to flower was observed in petunias grown at high CO2 and sub-optimal temperature. N, K, Ca, Mg, S and C were not affected by either CO2 or temperature treatments, whereas P had higher concentrations in petunias grown at low CO2 with optimal temperature. However, in zinnias, Mg was the only nutrient affected by CO2 levels. In the greenhouse study, higher plant dry weights and heights were measured with high fertility in petunias but not in zinnias. The number of flowers increased for both crops while the longevity and time to flower decreased for petunias and remained unchanged for zinnias with the high fertility treatment. Nutrient concentrations in petunias were not affected by the CO2/temperature combination whereas in zinnias an increase in C/N ratio was observed. While early mortality of whiteflies infested on petunias caused insufficient data to evaluate insect performance, zinnia’s growth was negatively affected by the presence of insects. Whiteflies’ oviposition rate was reduced and nymph developmental time increased by sub-optimal temperature at both chamber and greenhouse studies. It has been demonstrated with this study that the combination of CO2 enrichment and a slight reduction in air temperature may not compromise plant quality and scheduling. Furthermore, positive results in terms of pest management and fertilization can be achieved.
Claudio Pasian, PhD (Advisor)
Luis Canas, PhD (Committee Member)
Peter Ling, PhD (Committee Member)
Jonathan Frantz, PhD (Committee Member)
104 p.
Horticulture
Petunia; Zinnia; CRF; Fertility; Pest Management; Whitefly; Bemisia; Energy Savings; Growth Chamber; Greenhouse

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Rodriguez, W. M. (2011). Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth, Development, Nutrient Concentration and Insect Performance of Plants Grown at Sub-Optimal Temperature [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299603101

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Rodriguez, Wilmer. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth, Development, Nutrient Concentration and Insect Performance of Plants Grown at Sub-Optimal Temperature. 2011. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299603101.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Rodriguez, Wilmer. "Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth, Development, Nutrient Concentration and Insect Performance of Plants Grown at Sub-Optimal Temperature." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299603101

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.