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Kurt Makiewicz Thesis.pdf (7.39 MB)

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Development of Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics Microstructure Model with Application to Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V and Alloy 718

Makiewicz, Kurt Timothy
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366023857

Abstract Details

2013, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Materials Science and Engineering.
Laser based additive manufacturing has become an enabling joining process for making one-of-a-kind parts, as well as, repairing of aerospace components. Although, the process has been established for more than a decade, optimization of the process is still performed by trial and error experimentation. At the same time, deployment of integrated process-microstructure models has remained as a challenge due to some of the reasons listed below: (1) lack of good process models to consider the laser-material interactions; (2) inability to capture all the heat transfer boundary conditions; (3) thermo-physical-mechanical properties; and (4) robust material model. This work pertains to the development of robust material model for predicting microstructure evolution as a function of arbitrary thermal cycles (multiple heating and cooling cycles) that can be integrated into a process model. This study focuses on the development of a material model for Ti-6Al-4V and Alloy 718. These two alloys are heavily used in turbine engines and undergo complex phase transformations, making them suited to developing a material model for laser metal deposition (LMD). The model uses simultaneous transformation kinetics (STK) theory to predict the transformation of one parent phase into several products. The model uses calculated thermodynamic properties of the alloys for portions of the respective transformation characteristics. Being a phenomenological model there are several user defined calibration parameters to fit the predicted output to experimental data. These parameters modify the nucleation and growth kinetics of the individual transformations. Analyses of experimental LMD builds are used to calibrate the material model. A Ti-6Al-4V build made on a room temperature substrate showed primarily colony alpha morphology in the bottom half of the build with a transition to basketweave alpha in the top half. An increase in hardness corresponding to the microstructural transition was observed. This sample had an average of 340 HV hardness. Analysis of the calculated thermal profiles at the location of the morphology transition showed a transition from cooling below the beta transus to cooling above the beta transus. The Ti-6Al-4V STK model was calibrated using the experimental data from this sample. The substrate of a second build was heated above the Ti-6Al-4V beta transus. This build showed predominantly basketweave alpha without a microstructural transition. Large prior beta grains (>1mm) were observed growing epitaxially from the substrate. These large grains promoted the basketweave formation. Hardness testing showed an average of 344 HV. Samples built in this way were also fatigue tested in the as built condition. Results show that they match previous builds that had been stress relieved. A third build was performed at room temperature on a substrate with large prior beta grains. This build showed basketweave morphology like the second build even though the substrate was not thermally controlled. The hardness for this build averaged 396 HV which is ~50 HV higher than the previous two. This build shows that it may be possible to produce better mechanical properties by controlling the beta grain size rather than heating the substrate. Eighteen Alloy 718 builds were made using proprietary processing conditions. All of these builds were analyzed for nano-scale γ’ and γ’’ precipitates. Two of the builds were similar but had different laser powers. The low laser power build did not show nano-scale precipitates. The higher power build did show small amounts (<3%) of nano-scale precipitates and a corresponding increase in hardness at their locations. The higher power build was used to develop the STK model for Alloy 718. Sixteen of these builds were part of a design of experiments and are referred to as DOE samples. Eight of them have a single layer while the other eight have multiple layers. They were examined for nano-scale precipitates. The amounts of precipitates were correlated to hardness values and thermal profiles.
Sudarsanam Babu (Advisor)
Wolfgang Windl (Committee Member)
259 p.
Aerospace Materials; Materials Science; Metallurgy
Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics; STK; Microstructure Modeling; Laser Additive Manufacturing; Laser Metal Deposition; aerospace repair; Ti-6Al-4V; Inconel 718; Alloy 718; Additive Manufacturing; LAM; LMD;

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Makiewicz, K. T. (2013). Development of Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics Microstructure Model with Application to Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V and Alloy 718 [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366023857

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Makiewicz, Kurt. Development of Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics Microstructure Model with Application to Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V and Alloy 718 . 2013. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366023857.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Makiewicz, Kurt. "Development of Simultaneous Transformation Kinetics Microstructure Model with Application to Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V and Alloy 718 ." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366023857

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1366023857
2,171
© 2013, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.