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Ex-vivo Equine Medial Tibial Plateau Contact Pressure with an Intact Medial Femoral Condyle, with a Medial Femoral Condylar Defect, and After Placement of a Transcondylar Screw through the Condylar Defect

Garcia Bonilla, Alvaro Antonio
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397472874

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences.
The stifle (knee) is a common source of equine lameness, but its anatomical complexity has limited biomechanical research. Contact pressures have been described on the equine medial tibial plateau before and after creation of a meniscal tear, but that model simplified the stifle joint by removing the patella and the medial collateral ligament, and did not allow tibial rotation during testing. One of the goals of this study was to create a stifle model that included these elements to determine contact pressures on the medial tibial plateau. Additionally, we determined contact pressures after creation of an osteochondral defect in the medial femoral condyle (MFC). This defect mimics the location and size of a subchondral cystic lesion (SCL) of the MFC, a common pathology seen in the equine medial femoro-tibial joint. Lastly, a novel technique to treat SCL based on a transcondylar screw placed in lag fashion through the MFC was also tested as a third condition. Six cadaveric equine stifle joints were axially loaded in a servohydraulic testing machine (Bionix) to 1800N at 155 degrees, 145 degrees and 130 degrees with an intact MFC, with a 15 mm circular osteochondral defect, 20 mm deep, on the weight-bearing surface of the MFC and with a transcondylar screw through the defect. An electronic pressure sensor (Tekscan) on the medial tibial plateau recorded contact area (cm2), force (N), peak pressure (MPa) and contact map images from the sensors at the 3 angles and 3 conditions (9 tests). Peak pressure and calculated stress load (N/cm2) was analyzed on the entire medial plateau and in 3 regions of interest (ROI): cranial, caudal and central. Flexion of the stifle joint significantly increased force, contact area and stress load on the medial tibia under all conditions and the greatest increase was on the caudal sensor. The defect significantly reduced force (145 degrees and 130 degrees) and contact area at 145 degrees and stress load on the cranial and central ROI at 130 degrees. The transcondylar screw returned force to intact values at 130 degrees and reduced contact area in extension. Qualitative evaluation of the combined pressure maps revealed that under flexion, contact pressure in the intact stifle was transmitted to the caudal meniscus, but peak and high pressures remained on the central cartilage area at all angles. After creation of a MFC defect, no contact pressure was registered in the defect area, and high and peak pressures increased on the mid-meniscus which migrated caudally with flexion until at 130 degrees. The transcondylar screw pressure maps were similar to the maps with the defect. Stifle flexion increases force, contact area and stress load on the medial tibia and is most pronounced caudally. A MFC defect alters force, contact area and pressure maps during flexion on the medial tibia. A transcondylar screw may reverse some of those changes. In the MFC with a defect, the location of peak pressure is more caudal, and at 130 degrees tends to be on the caudal meniscus. This suggests a biomechanical explanation for meniscal injuries associated with SCL.
Elizabeth Santschi (Advisor)
Alan Litsky (Committee Member)
Matthew Allen (Committee Member)
61 p.
Veterinary Services
equine, stifle, biomechanics, pressure, contact, subchondral bone cyst, meniscus

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Garcia Bonilla, A. A. (2014). Ex-vivo Equine Medial Tibial Plateau Contact Pressure with an Intact Medial Femoral Condyle, with a Medial Femoral Condylar Defect, and After Placement of a Transcondylar Screw through the Condylar Defect [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397472874

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Garcia Bonilla, Alvaro. Ex-vivo Equine Medial Tibial Plateau Contact Pressure with an Intact Medial Femoral Condyle, with a Medial Femoral Condylar Defect, and After Placement of a Transcondylar Screw through the Condylar Defect . 2014. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397472874.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Garcia Bonilla, Alvaro. "Ex-vivo Equine Medial Tibial Plateau Contact Pressure with an Intact Medial Femoral Condyle, with a Medial Femoral Condylar Defect, and After Placement of a Transcondylar Screw through the Condylar Defect ." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397472874

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.