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Production and Characterization of Crude Glycerol-Based Waterborne Polyurethanes and Their Derived Blend Films with Protein

Tong, Xinjie
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-8793
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406041210

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering.
Compared to conventional solvent-borne polyurethane (PU) coatings, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings have advantages such as low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions and low viscosity at high molecular weight. Petroleum-derived WPU coatings are currently predominant in the market. Crude glycerol (CG), a low-cost byproduct in biodiesel industry, has the potential to produce low-cost bio-based polyols for WPU coatings production. Crude glycerol (CG)-based polyols can be synthesized via a one-pot thermochemical process and used for the production of WPU coatings. However, the resulting WPU coatings have relatively low flexibility because of their high hydroxyl number (378 mg KOH/g) and the low molecular weight (702 g/mol) of the polyols. In the present study, CG-based multi-branched polyols (CGMPs) were synthesized by the epoxidation and oxirane ring opening of CG-based polyglycerol oleic acid esters (CGPOEs) which have more than 3 fatty acid chains in a molecule. The produced CGMPs (hydroxyl number of 129-180 mg KOH/g and Mw of 2188-2326 g/mol) were used to prepare WPU coatings, which showed good hardness, high adhesion to steel surfaces, and improved flexibility. These improvements resulted from the lower hydroxyl number and higher molecular weight of CGMPs compared to CG-based polyols obtained via a one-pot thermochemical process. In addition, increased glass transition temperature (Tg, 18.9-24.1 °C) and decreased thermal stability (T10, 250-241 °C) of CG-based WPU coatings were obtained with increasing CGMP hydroxyl number. The properties of CG-based WPU coatings were found to be comparable to some petroleum-based analogues, such as Minwax® WPU coatings. The produced WPU coatings have potential applications in decorative and protective coatings applied on steel surfaces. Soy protein isolate (SPI, protein content of 90-95%) films have good lipid, oxygen and aroma barrier properties, but their mechanical properties and water resistance need to be improved for increased uses in packaging industry. Petroleum and vegetable oil-based WPUs can be added into SPI films to enhance the mechanical properties and water resistance of the resulting blend films. High-oleic soymeal (protein content of about 50%), a low-cost co-product in food industry, is a potential feedstock for bio-based films. This study aimed to prepare high-oleic soymeal-derived protein (SMP, protein content of 88.9%) films and to study the mechanical properties and water resistance of blend films prepared from SMP and CG-based WPU from CGMPs. Blend films were prepared by blending SMP with WPU_CG (CG-based WPU) and WPU_M (Minwax® WPU) at various mass ratios, respectively. Good compatibility and miscibility were observed between SMP and WPU_CG or WPU_M, due to the interfacial adhesion and intermolecular interactions between blending components. As the WPU_CG fraction was increased (0-100%, dry basis), the water resistance, thermal stability, and tensile strength of the SMP/WPU_CG blend films increased, while the elongation at break decreased. SMP/WPU_M and SMP/WPU_CG blend films exhibited comparable water resistance and tensile strength, but SMP/WPU_CG blend films were more flexible. In summary, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings with properties comparable to commercial analogue (i.e., Minwax® WPU) could be made from the synthesized CG-based multi-branched polyols (CGMPs). Furthermore, the produced CG-based WPU can be mixed with high-oleic soymeal-derived protein (SMP) to obtain blend films with improved water resistance and mechanical properties and with potential applications in packaging materials.
Yebo Li (Advisor)
Katrina Cornish (Committee Member)
Gonul Kaletunc (Committee Member)
71 p.
Agricultural Engineering; Polymers
waterborne polyurethane, crude glycerol, blend films, coatings, protein

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Tong, X. (2014). Production and Characterization of Crude Glycerol-Based Waterborne Polyurethanes and Their Derived Blend Films with Protein [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406041210

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Tong, Xinjie. Production and Characterization of Crude Glycerol-Based Waterborne Polyurethanes and Their Derived Blend Films with Protein. 2014. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406041210.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Tong, Xinjie. "Production and Characterization of Crude Glycerol-Based Waterborne Polyurethanes and Their Derived Blend Films with Protein." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406041210

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1406041210
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.