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Avian Muscle Growth and Development

Griffin, Jacqueline Reedy
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406934748

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Animal Sciences.
Numerous factors can influence avian embryonic development resulting in a relatively low correlation between chronological age (incubation days) and physiological stage of development. The prevailing staging system is based on visual morphological embryonic characteristics to establish developmental stages that are independent of chronological age (incubation days) and embryo size (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951). In addition to morphological staging, it is fundamentally important to define a staging system for temporal transcriptional events so as to better understand the fundamental molecular biological mechanisms that are responsible for embryonic skeletal myogenesis. The developmental fast skeletal myosin isoforms (MyHC), the predominant proteins in the Pectoralis major (PM), are expressed as a cadre of highly specific temporal and spatial developmental isoforms. Our hypothesis is that the temporal transcription of MyHC isoforms is correlated with the transcription of muscle-specific genes that are critical to PM muscle growth and development and can be used as molecular markers during muscle development. To test this hypothesis, our primary goal was to use a novel molecular method, based on a quantitative analysis of the transcriptome, to characterize the developmental stages in embryonic PM in the SCWL and compare the data with what has been reported in the literature (Tidyman et al., 1997). Results confirmed that the pattern of temporal transcription of the MyHC isoforms obtained in this study was consistent with Tidyman et al. (1997), thus giving us the tool we need to explore our hypothesis that the temporal transcription of the MyHC isoforms can be used as molecular markers for muscle development. To test the hypothesis, we used embryos from a control Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) line and an intermediate dystrophic Low Score Normal (LSN) line that exhibits breast muscle anomalies post-hatch. Tissue samples from the embryonic PM were collected at embryonic days (ED) 5 through 19 from the 2 unique poultry lines. Total RNA was isolated and gene transcription was quantified using NanoString Technologies®, which digitally detects and quantifies selected target mRNA. Data were analyzed using the LOESS smoothing function at a 95% confidence level. Results from this study revealed differences in the temporal transcription of the 3 embryonic MyHC isoforms, Cemb1, 2 and 3, and the neonatal MyHC isoform, Cneo in both SCWL and LSN embryos. Line differences were primarily due to shifts in peak transcription, with significant changes occurring between the SCWL and LSN at ED14-15, consistent among all MyHC isoforms. In addition, there were genetic line differences in the quantitative temporal transcription of 4 known muscle-specific genes, decorin, MTR2, Myf6 (MRF4) and Six4. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Cemb1 and Myf6 (MRF4) in both the SCWL and LSN from ED5 through ED19. These data allowed us to describe the temporal transcription of regulatory factors at identical cellular development stages in the 2 unique genetic lines. If this approach is applied to broiler genotypes, it could lead to new, enhanced selection tools or aid in identifying the developmental points at which factors such as incubation environment influence the earliest stages of myogenesis.
Michael Lilburn (Advisor)
Macdonald Wick (Committee Member)
Michael Davis (Committee Member)
54 p.
Animal Sciences
Pectoralis major; Myosin; isoforms; myogenesis; transcriptome; SCWL; LSN

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Griffin, J. R. (2014). Avian Muscle Growth and Development [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406934748

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Griffin, Jacqueline. Avian Muscle Growth and Development. 2014. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406934748.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Griffin, Jacqueline. "Avian Muscle Growth and Development." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406934748

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1406934748
698
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.