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Development and Testing of a Dietary Intervention to Enhance Diet Quality and Improve Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women

Arnold, Kristen Karin

Abstract Details

2016, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Human Ecology: Human Nutrition.
Background: The two leading causes of death of women in the United States, cardiovascular disease and cancer, are associated with elevated chronic inflammatory markers. There is a critical need to develop therapies which are safe and efficacious in order to lower chronic inflammation and improve health outcomes in women, specifically obese postmenopausal women, a group particularly vulnerable to chronic inflammation. Methods: This pilot study was a single-arm experimental pre-post test design, that tested the efficacy of the LAS-03 (low added sugar, high fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids) intervention to improve overall diet quality and lower inflammation in obese postmenopausal women. LAS-03 was delivered by a registered dietitian via in-person and phone-based counseling over 12 weeks. Self-reported dietary intake over the previous 3 months was assessed using electronic Food Frequency Questionnaires. Primary outcome measures included self-reported dietary intake of dietary components emphasized in the intervention, diet quality as measured by the HEI 2010, and biomarkers of inflammation as measured by serum inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor a receptor-2 (TNFaR-II), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)). Urinary excretion of sucrose, a biomarker of dietary intake of added sugars, was measured for validation purposes. Results: Self-reported dietary intake improved for added sugar, sucrose, sweet servings, fatty fish, and omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (all p<0.05). There was also a significant increase in calculated total HEI 2010 scores as well as HEI 2010 subgroup scores: vegetables, greens and beans, seafoods and plant proteins, fatty acids, empty calories (p<0.05). Mean inflammatory markers all trended downwards and TNFaR-II significantly decreased pre-post intervention (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between fasting spot urinary sucrose excretion (g/L creatinine) and self-reported 24-hour dietary intake of added sugars at post intervention (rs=0.70, p=0.006). Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated the potential efficacy of a dietary intervention in obese postmenopausal women to improve overall diet quality and serum inflammatory markers. Urinary sucrose excretion was an objective biomarker for dietary added sugar intake in this sample of women; further research is needed to validate this method.
Tonya Orchard (Advisor)
Rebecca Andridge (Committee Member)
Julie Kennel (Committee Member)
Carolyn Gunther (Committee Member)
95 p.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Arnold, K. K. (2016). Development and Testing of a Dietary Intervention to Enhance Diet Quality and Improve Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461082703

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Arnold, Kristen. Development and Testing of a Dietary Intervention to Enhance Diet Quality and Improve Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women. 2016. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461082703.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Arnold, Kristen. "Development and Testing of a Dietary Intervention to Enhance Diet Quality and Improve Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461082703

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)