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Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Females

Edwards, Susannah Lin
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461172539

Abstract Details

2016, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Allied Medicine.
Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study was evaluate the relationship between diet, dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in females in the United States. The main objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the overall dietary quality of U.S. females, 2) to discover the leading food sources of SFA for this population, and 3) to evaluate how SFA intake relates to the CVD risk profile of U.S. females. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2010. NHANES data were used to compare dietary intake and primary sources of SFA with markers of CVD risk for females at different life stages. Dietary intake was compared with recommendations defined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (DGA-2010) and dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). SFA intake was compared to the DGA-2010 recommendation to eat less than 10% of total energy (TE) from SFA. Results: At least half of the females did not meet the recommendations set out in the DGA-2010 for SFA, sodium, total fat, and fiber intakes. Mean HEI-2010 scores indicated that the overall dietary quality of females in the U.S. was poor, especially between 5 and 64 years of age, and the lowest scores were consistently seen between the ages of 14 and 19 years. Animal-source foods outnumbered any other type of foods as leading sources of SFA and cheese was the top source of SFA between the ages of 5 and 75 years. Highly-processed foods were also overrepresented as leading sources of SFA. The higher age groups tended to have higher laboratory markers of CVD risk. After the age of 30, mean serum total cholesterol (TC) exceeded the desirable range (>200mg/dL). Risk was higher in the portion of the population that ate <10% of TE from SFA compared with those that ate greater than or equal to 10% of TE from SFA. Discussion: Overall, females in this study were consuming a poor diet, especially in the younger age groups (5-64 years). This was also the age where the top three sources of SFA were cheese, pizza, and either ice cream or chocolate candies. Interventions to prevent heart disease in women have customarily begun later in life, after menopause. These data indicates that interventions may, in fact, need to be initiated at as early as 5 or 10 years of age, since this is where dietary quality was seen to drop substantially. This finding is especially important as data shows that CVD mortality for 35-44 year old women is rising. These data would also suggest that although there may not be a clear association between SFA intake and CVD risk, it may be important to address the types of foods that are providing these SFA and how this fits into the overarching dietary patterns.
Christopher Taylor (Advisor)
Colleen Spees (Committee Member)
Keeley Pratt (Committee Member)
110 p.
Medicine; Nutrition
Females; cardiovascular disease; saturated fat; saturated fatty acid; dietary patterns; dietary quality

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Edwards, S. L. (2016). Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Females [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461172539

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Edwards, Susannah. Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Females. 2016. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461172539.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Edwards, Susannah. "Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Females." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461172539

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1461172539
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.