Skip to Main Content
 

Global Search Box

 
 
 
 

ETD Abstract Container

Abstract Header

Nitrous Oxide and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Alsup, Natalie Marie

Abstract Details

2016, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Dentistry.
Purpose: To investigate the degree of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) experienced in two different groups of patients having general anesthesia, one with 50 % nitrous oxide in the administered gas mixture and one without nitrous oxide. Methods: Twenty adult volunteers, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical classification I-II and aged 18-32 years, who had previously consented to oral & maxillofacial surgery with general anesthesia at The Ohio State University Oral & maxillofacial Surgery Department, were invited to participate in this clinical research study. Two general anesthesia groups were used: Nitrous Oxide Group – 50% nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and oxygen; and Control Group – oxygen and sevoflurane. Subjects were divided into the 2 groups via systematic random assignments. Patients were induced for general anesthesia with propofol 2mg/kg IV, fentanyl 0.5mcg/kg IV, and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg IV. Following induction, all subjects were intubated and administered dexamethasone 4 mg IV. Following emergence from general anesthesia, the patients were transferred to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). No additional antiemetics were administered prior to arrival and assessment in the PACU. Patients’ incidence of vomiting and self-reported nausea scores were recorded using a Verbal Numeric Rating Scale (VNRS) with a range of 0-10 every 15 minutes from the arrival to PACU until discharge, for a minimum of 60 minutes. A rescue antiemetic was administered for any episode of vomiting or nausea score equal to or greater than 5 out of 10. Results: Demographic data and duration of anesthesia were analyzed between groups and found to have no statistically significant difference. There was a significantly higher maintenance concentration of sevoflurane (p= 0.015) required in the Control Group when compared with the Nitrous Oxide Group. There was no statistical difference in the patient’s VNRS scores between groups at any 15 minute time interval during the 60 minute recovery period (p=0.098). Conclusion: The addition of 50% nitrous oxide to an inhalational anesthetic of sevoflurane and oxygen showed no increased incidence of PONV in patient’s having a general anesthetic for routine oral & maxillofacial out-patient surgical treatment (p=0.098). As expected, There was an increased requirement of sevoflurane in the Control Group (p=0.015). There was no difference in duration of anesthesia or demographics between groups. The data collected in this study indicates there may be no detrimental increase in PONV following general anesthesia maintained with volatile inhalational agents and nitrous oxide.
simon prior, BDS, MS, PhD (Advisor)
William, M. Johnston, MS, PhD (Committee Member)
Megann Smiley, DMD, MS (Committee Member)
43 p.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Alsup, N. M. (2016). Nitrous Oxide and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471210114

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Alsup, Natalie. Nitrous Oxide and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471210114.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Alsup, Natalie. "Nitrous Oxide and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471210114

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)