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Yang Zhou PhD Thesis.pdf (7.09 MB)

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Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation

Zhou, Yang
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471819231

Abstract Details

2016, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Food Science and Technology.
The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) is a major public health concern. The poultry industry worldwide represents the largest segment in food animal production. The prevalence and abundance of antibiotic resistant (ART) bacteria in poultry and poultry products have been a recognized food safety challenge. The large amount of ART bacteria-rich feces from industrial poultry production and the release of which further contaminate water and soil, impacting the environmental AR gene pool. Therefore, revealing contributing factors to AR in poultry production and develop targeted control strategies have critical impact on AR mitigation in the ecosystem. This study examined 1) the natural occurrence of AR in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of chicken without antibiotic exposure; 2) the impact of antibiotic administration route on AR ecology in chicken GI microbiota, and 3) the effecacy of commensal Lactobacillus crispatus CG-2 inocula in AR mitigation in poultry rearing. The results of this study contributed to an improved understanding of AR ecology in food-producing animals, and are important for the development of AR mitigation strategies. The first chapter is a literature review covers the origin, propagation, and dissemination of AR, as well as AR mitigation strategies. In the second chapter, the fecal microbiota of chicken subjects from 1st to 4th week, grown in the teaching farm without any antibiotic treatment, were examined to assess the early establishment of AR gene pools and the constitution of natural microbiota. The result suggest that the AR gene pools were established and remained stable in chicken gut microbiota without antibiotic intervention during the first 4 weeks of life. In the third chapter, three Ampr E. coli (E. coli CA-1, E. coli CA-4 and E. coli CA-20) and a Lactobacillus crispatus strain designated CG-12 were isolated and characterized. The E. coli strains have been used in later studies as ART marker strains (Chapter 4), and the Lactobacillus crispatus was later examined for its efficacy in modulating GI microbiota (Chapter 5). In the fourth chapter, the impact of oral resistant bacteria exposure and antibiotic administration methods on microbiota and AR gene pools in poultry GI tract was examined using Leghorn chicken. The results confirmed that the impact of certain antibiotics on gut microbiota can be significantly reduced by avoiding the mainstream oral antibiotic administration route in the chicken model. Our study also indicates that additional control strategies for the spread of bacteria in the environment may be also important to reduce ART bacteria dissemination in food animal production.In the fifth chapter, the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-susceptible Lactobacillus crispatus strain CG-12 has been characterized in vitro and in vivo. Results from in vitro studies showed that the strain can inhibit the growth of the blaCMY-2+ E. coli strains. The in vivo study suggested that Lactobacillus crispatus was prevalent in neonatal GI microbiota of chicken, and Lactobacillus crispatus CG-12 could reduce early established AR gene pool. But its clonal decontamination activity requires further evaluation. Finally, future direction of AR mitigation in poultry GI microbiota was discussed.
Hua Wang (Advisor)
Monica Giusti (Committee Member)
Michael Lilburn (Committee Member)
Zhongtang Yu (Committee Member)
229 p.
Food Science
Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry, Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Targeted Mitigation, Food Science

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Citations

  • Zhou, Y. (2016). Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471819231

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Zhou, Yang. Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation. 2016. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471819231.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Zhou, Yang. "Antibiotic Resistance in Poultry Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Targeted Mitigation." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471819231

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1471819231
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.