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Feasibility of an Educational and Psychosocial Intervention Targeting Self-Regulation Strategies in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pawelczyk, Katlyn M
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492512516688276

Abstract Details

2017, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Human Ecology: Human Nutrition.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant public health concern. Few lifestyle intervention trials have evaluated the effectiveness of a self-regulatory approach to an educational lifestyle program for adults with T2DM. Self-regulation encompasses mechanisms, which describe deliberate and subconscious methods individuals use to pursue and attain goals. Goal Setting Theory (GST) and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) examine specific theoretical constructs: what motivates a person to initiate behavior change, how they take action, and how they maintain action. Psychological self-regulation models like Hope Theory and Construal Level Theory (CLT) aim to expose the fluctuations in the mental process of behavioral change which lead to failure or success in goal pursuit and attainment. Educational interventions incorporating behavior change theories and self-regulation principles could provide more effective T2DM management. Objective: To evaluate theoretical determinants, and behavioral and clinical outcomes before and after a group-based lifestyle intervention targeting self-regulation strategies in adults with T2DM; the Pathways Lifestyle Program (PLP). Methods: PLP is a novel, interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention built upon Goal Setting Theory, Health Action Process Approach, and self-regulatory techniques. The 10-week intervention emphasized nutrition and physical activity education combined with strategies and support for overcoming obstacles faced during behavior change. Goals for the intervention included: (1) consume = 3 low glycemic index (GI) servings/day; (2) achieve = 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA); and (3) achieve or maintain an A1c of = 7.0% via fingerstick sample. Overweight or obese participants (n=19) aged >21 years old, diagnosed with T2DM >1 year, and not requiring insulin therapy were recruited. Three, 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess dietary intake, and wrist-worn accelerometry assessed change in MVPA. Results: Significant changes for action and coping planning, action self-efficacy, hope, percentage of time spent sedentary, and diastolic blood pressure were observed from pre- to post-intervention (all p =0.05). Increases in MVPA trended towards significance (p=0.07). Mean (±SE) change in total GI (-2.67±1.92; p=0.19) and glycemic load (-23.5±14.93;p=0.14) indicated improvement although were not statistically significant. There were no significant changes in consumption of low GI servings, body mass index, or A1c. Conclusions: Feasibility and proof of concept regarding an integrated theoretical approach to lifestyle change was successfully demonstrated in this preliminary study. Additional research is needed to fully implement the intervention with a sample size adequately powered to evaluate intervention efficacy. Results from this study suggest that with modification, a larger, randomized control trial has high likelihood of success.
Carla Miller (Advisor)
Jennifer Cheavens (Committee Member)
Kentaro Fujita (Committee Member)
Tonya Orchard (Committee Member)
200 p.
Behavioral Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition
diabetes; type 2 diabetes, t2dm; behavioral; lifestyle; intervention; hope; construal; glycemic index; GI; adults; planning; implementation intentions; HAPA; accelerometer; nutrition; physical activity

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Citations

  • Pawelczyk, K. M. (2017). Feasibility of an Educational and Psychosocial Intervention Targeting Self-Regulation Strategies in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492512516688276

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Pawelczyk, Katlyn. Feasibility of an Educational and Psychosocial Intervention Targeting Self-Regulation Strategies in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . 2017. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492512516688276.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Pawelczyk, Katlyn. "Feasibility of an Educational and Psychosocial Intervention Targeting Self-Regulation Strategies in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492512516688276

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1492512516688276
496
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