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Evaluating seeding rate and cultivar impact on grain yield and end-use quality, and finding replacement methods to assess spring stands of soft red winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] in Ohio

Goodwin, Allen W
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511879350560868

Abstract Details

2017, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Ohio is an important source of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) [Triticum aestivum L.] for the milling industry, but is typically a low profitability crop for grain producers. Ohio wheat producers are concerned about a lack of consistency in both grain quality and yield, a perspective that is reflected in decreasing harvested hectares. The first objective was to reassess wheat seeding rate recommendations using four cultivars planted at seeding rates of 1.85, 2.47, 4.94, and 6.18 million seeds ha-1, the second was to determine the best economic seeding rates, and the third was to examine the impact of seeding rate and cultivar on grain quality. An experiment was conducted consisting of four site-years at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Station (NWARS) and the Western Agricultural Research Station (WARS) during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. The design was a split-plot randomized complete block design with cultivar as the whole plot factor and seeding rate as the subplot factor. Wheat quality tests were performed at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab (SWQL) in Wooster, OH. Significant cultivar by seeding rate interactions were observed. Agronomic optimum seeding rates ranged from 5.19 to 5.54 million seeds ha-1, and economic optimum seeding rates ranged from 4.27 to 4.72 million seeds ha-1 depending on cultivar. Effect of seeding rate was significant for test weight and sodium carbonate solvent retention capacity. Test weight increased and damaged starch decreased as seeding rate increased. Cultivar selection impacted test weight, softness equivalency, kernel weight, glutenin strength, and starch damage. Cultivar by seeding rate interactions were significant for flour yield and protein. Generally, flour yield increased and flour protein decreased as seeding rate increased. Overall, a seeding rate of 4.94 million seeds ha-1 was suggested to produce the best combination of yield and grain quality. Differences between area of land planted to wheat and area harvested indicate that poor wheat stands are being destroyed in the spring to plant more profitable crops. Current recommendations to evaluate spring stands are stem counts at Feekes growth stage (GS) 5, a practice that is not implemented by producers due to time and labor involved. Two promising replacement measurements are the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional green canopy cover (FGCC). An experiment was conducted consisting of four site-years at two on-farm locations in Pickaway and Crawford Counties during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. The design was a randomized complete block design with five seeding rates as the treatment. The objectives were to determine if FGCC was correlated to tiller counts, and to quantify the difference in yield prediction accuracy of tiller counts, NDVI, and FGCC (30.5 cm section of row called “1-row” and 3-row area) at Feekes GS 5 and 6, and head counts at Feekes GS 10.5. Linear regression models fit for stem counts at Feekes GS 5 and 6 vs. FGCC for 1-row at Feekes 5 and 6, respectively, were significant and were able to estimate stem density. The best estimators of yield were NDVI and 3-row FGCC measurements taken at Feekes GS 5, and can be used to estimate the proportion of yield that will result from a spring stand. Producers may adopt the stem estimation methods when making a decision about wheat stands in the spring and consider using NDVI and FGCC for yield estimation.
Laura Lindsey, Dr. (Advisor)
Kent Harrison, Dr. (Committee Member)
Pierce Paul, Dr. (Committee Member)
107 p.
Agriculture; Agronomy
SRWW; soft red winter wheat; seeding rate; Canopeo; FGCC; NDVI; wheat quality; end-use quality; wheat cultivars;

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Citations

  • Goodwin, A. W. (2017). Evaluating seeding rate and cultivar impact on grain yield and end-use quality, and finding replacement methods to assess spring stands of soft red winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] in Ohio [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511879350560868

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Goodwin, Allen. Evaluating seeding rate and cultivar impact on grain yield and end-use quality, and finding replacement methods to assess spring stands of soft red winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] in Ohio. 2017. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511879350560868.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Goodwin, Allen. "Evaluating seeding rate and cultivar impact on grain yield and end-use quality, and finding replacement methods to assess spring stands of soft red winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] in Ohio." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511879350560868

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1511879350560868
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© 2017, some rights reserved.Creative Commons License Evaluating seeding rate and cultivar impact on grain yield and end-use quality, and finding replacement methods to assess spring stands of soft red winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] in Ohio by Allen W Goodwin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.