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Relative Contributions Of Tobacco Associated Factors And Diabetes To Shaping The Oral Microbiome

Ganesan, Sukirth M
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529572658170786

Abstract Details

2018, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Oral Biology.
The oral cavity is an open ecosystem with niche-specific microbial colonization. Within a few hours after birth, bacteria colonize the oral cavity and form complex communities called biofilms. These biofilms constantly interact with the host immune system and play an important role in the maintenance of health. Dysbiotic bacterial communities are established as the underlying etiology of periodontitis, a disease that destroys structures tooth-supporting structures and results in tooth loss. Several factors are known to contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to periodontitis, notably, smoking and diabetes, however, the mechanisms by which they increase the risk for this bacterially induced inflammatory disease have not been well established. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relative contributions of smoking and diabetes to shaping the subgingival microbiome. Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study designs using were combined with comprehensive systems biology approach to characterize the composition, functional characteristics, gene-expression patterns, and structure of the oral microbial ecosystem in response to these perturbations both in periodontal health and disease. In vitro models were used to validate the clinical findings and to explore a biological basis for the shifts. Smoking, diabetes, and e-cigarettes selectively enriched for disease-associated species and specific virulence functions in this ecosystem even in states of clinical health. Each of these perturbations exerted a unique effect on the microbiome, in terms of species composition, biofilm architecture and functional potential, thus enabling us to identify and validate microbial biomarkers unique to each perturbation. Finally, we investigated whether the associations between bacterial virulence and smoking was causal or casual by examining the responses of the subgingival microbiome to smoking cessation. Quitters demonstrated a significant shift in microbial composition and function within two weeks of cessation, while the microbiome of continuous smokers remained stable over 3 months of observation. Together, these studies demonstrated that the oral microbiome responds quickly to smoking and hyperglycemia and that these perturbations enrich these biomes for oro-pharyngeal pathogens along with increasing the immuno-inflammatory potential of these communities. This might be one mechanism by which smoking and diabetes increase susceptibility to disease.
Purnima Kumar (Advisor)
Haikaday Nagaraja (Committee Member)
John Walters (Committee Member)
Kelly Wrighton (Committee Member)
Benjamin O'Donnell (Committee Member)
232 p.
Dentistry; Ecology; Epidemiology; Microbiology; Molecular Biology
Periodontology, Microbiome, Metagenome, Microbial Ecology, Smoking, E-cigarettes, Vaping, Diabetes, Metagenomics, RNA-seq, Metatranscriptomics, Periodontitis, Sub-gingival, 16S, Cigarette smoke, Smoking cessation, KEGG pathways

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Ganesan, S. M. (2018). Relative Contributions Of Tobacco Associated Factors And Diabetes To Shaping The Oral Microbiome [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529572658170786

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Ganesan, Sukirth. Relative Contributions Of Tobacco Associated Factors And Diabetes To Shaping The Oral Microbiome. 2018. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529572658170786.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Ganesan, Sukirth. "Relative Contributions Of Tobacco Associated Factors And Diabetes To Shaping The Oral Microbiome." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529572658170786

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1529572658170786
69
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.