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Impact of DNA Structure and Aeropyrum pernix Single-Strand DNA Binding Protein on Oxidative Damage to DNA

Amato, Nicholas J.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372296254

Abstract Details

2013, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, Chemistry.
DNA replication is essential to life. To successfully replicate DNA and preserve the genomic code, many replication proteins are coordinated to facilitate the generation of the daughter strands.(1) Unfortunately, the fidelity of DNA replication can be compromised by DNA damage resulting from assault by reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been shown that elevated levels of ROS during DNA replication result in a prolonged S-phase and if left unrepaired, can lead to apoptosis.(2) Despite the prevalence of DNA repair pathways, DNA damage during replication exists as a significant source of genomic instability.(3) Such DNA damaging events lead to the onset of many diseases and illnesses, such as cancer.(4) Specifically, the participation of single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) in DNA replication and repair processes are essential to maintaining genomic integrity.(5) Currently, the role of SSBs is well documented, but their functions have not been fully elucidated. One particular role of SSBs that remains highly conjectured is their ability to protect regions of ssDNA from DNA damage. When the SSBs associate with DNA, the sugar-phosphate backbone remains solvent exposed being accessible to DNA damaging agents such as ROS. Thus, we hypothesize that the 2'-deoxyribose moiety of DNA in the SSB-DNA complex is susceptible to hydrogen atom abstraction, of which the DNA damage products are anticipated to be influenced by the presence of the SSB. In order to elucidate the impact of protein binding on DNA damage, a complete understanding of DNA damage in the absence of proteins must be first assessed. This research project establishes an in vitro model system for determining the interplay of DNA-protein binding on C3'-oxidative DNA damage. A C3'-radical precursor was synthesized and incorporated into DNA using automated DNA synthesis. Selective C3'-radical generation was achieved in DNA replication relevant architectures to evaluate the impact of DNA structure and sequence on the fate of the C3'-oxidative damage products. The resulting damage products were quantified using tandem IEX/RP HPLC and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Next, the thermodynamic and structural effects of the DNA damage lesions generated were characterized using circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry and UV melting temperature analysis. Finally, the impact of the oxidative DNA damage lesions on SSB-DNA complex formation were evaluated by fluorescence anisotropy. Together, these results provide the foundation required for determining the impact of SSBs, and other proteins, on oxidative DNA damage.
Amanda Bryant-Friedrich (Committee Chair)
Timothy Mueser (Committee Member)
Wendell Griffith (Committee Member)
Constance Schall (Committee Member)
247 p.
Biochemistry; Chemistry; Organic Chemistry

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Citations

  • Amato, N. J. (2013). Impact of DNA Structure and Aeropyrum pernix Single-Strand DNA Binding Protein on Oxidative Damage to DNA [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372296254

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Amato, Nicholas. Impact of DNA Structure and Aeropyrum pernix Single-Strand DNA Binding Protein on Oxidative Damage to DNA. 2013. University of Toledo, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372296254.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Amato, Nicholas. "Impact of DNA Structure and Aeropyrum pernix Single-Strand DNA Binding Protein on Oxidative Damage to DNA." Doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372296254

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

toledo1372296254
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© 2013, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo and OhioLINK.