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The Knee Response during Squats with Heels Up and Down

Metelues, Francis Gabriel
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1388574269

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science in Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Bioengineering.
The higher incident rate of osteoarthritis in the Asian countries compared to Western countries spurred research in the biomechanics field [1,12,48,40,51,181,193]. Genetics and diet cannot be completely ruled out; however, viewing the Asian lifestyle in terms of biomechanics brings an entirely new perspective. Researchers suggested that the prolonged squatting, which is prevalent in the daily lives of most of the Asian cultures, may provide clues to the higher rate of osteoarthritis [1,54,11,175]. This research investigated the loads associated with daily prolonged squatting. In particular, the potential cyclical loading exhibited during this activity could begin to explain the premature deterioration of the knee joint. Other studies did not conduct trials that compared various types of squatting and potential biomechanical significance. A core of this research was to extend the investigation into several squatting variants. This study investigated the influence on the biomechanical loads when the heels are down or up. Additionally, the research focused on the effects on the knee if a squat produced at the end of gait and from a standing position. Typically the kinetics and kinematics analysis focus on the transition of going into and out of a squat. This research will take the first glimpse of the force associated while shifting the body during the squat. The various types of squats would be exposed to the body weight shifting from one foot to next in the mediolateral direction. This movement occurs naturally when someone in a prolong squat attempting to achieve comfort. I hypothesized that the moments and the shear loads from prolong shifting squats will generate a cyclical loading at the knee joint. Biomechanical loads such as the flexion-extension moment, abduction-adduction moment, bone on bone compressive and shear loads estimations for gait and various squats were analyzed to investigate any cyclical behavior. The research indicated that despite the higher moments at the knees generated during squatting, the compressive and shear forces at the knee joint for a majority of the squatting were slightly lower than the gait trials due to the reduced acceleration or ground reaction forces. This also confirmed that lower ground reaction force played a critical factor in the reduced contact shear force. However, despite comparable compressive and shear loads, the shifting squats not only produced significantly higher moments but additionally produced cyclical loading in all the biomechanical loads. A shifting squat generated cyclical moment loading in the frontal and sagittal planes while the knee joint is exposed to loading from compressive and shear forces. The relevance of this research is the squatting exhibited in the Asian culture is not just for a few seconds. Many of the squats performed daily are prolonged due to the shifting of the body for a comfortable position. The cyclical loading of the knee joint during a squat makes this a major risk factor for osteoarthritis.
Mohamed Samir Hefzy (Advisor)
Charles Armstrong (Advisor)
Vijay Goel (Committee Member)
235 p.
Biomechanics
Knee forces, flexion moment, shear force, osteoarthritis, abduction moment, compressive force,squats, squatting, heels up, heels down,shifting, cyclical loading

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Metelues, F. G. (2014). The Knee Response during Squats with Heels Up and Down [Master's thesis, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1388574269

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Metelues, Francis. The Knee Response during Squats with Heels Up and Down. 2014. University of Toledo, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1388574269.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Metelues, Francis. "The Knee Response during Squats with Heels Up and Down." Master's thesis, University of Toledo, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1388574269

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

toledo1388574269
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This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo and OhioLINK.