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Wilhelm Thesis 2014.pdf (2 MB)

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Using Functional Performance Assessment Tools to Predict Ankle Injuries in High School Football and Basketball Athletes

Wilhelm, Sarah E
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396518848

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science, University of Toledo, Exercise Science.
CONTEXT: There are many different risk factors that have been suggested to predict those at risk of sustaining an ankle injury. These risk factors include previous history of ankle injury, dynamic balance measured using the star excursion balance test (SEBT), decrease in ankle dorsiflexion measured using the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) and active and passive dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM), increase in BMI, decrease in functional movement using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and self-assessed functional disability utilizing the FAAM and FAAM Sport. Injury history, the SEBT, and active and passive DF-ROM have been assessed in the high school football and basketball players previously, the remaining potential risk factors have little research done in the same setting. Mechanism of injury (MOI) may influence the prediction capability of these screening tools. Additional information is needed to further substantiate the predictability of these tests while considering the MOI, such as contact or non-contact. OBJECTIVE: Examine the capability of the functional performance assessment tools to predict ankle injuries in high school football and basketball athletes while taking MOI into consideration as well. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: High school athletic training facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred-eight high school football and basketball players (15.48±1.15 yrs; 176.11±9.55 cm; 73.83±16.80 kg; 23.69±4.57 kg/m2) volunteered. INTERVENTIONS: Prior to the 2013-2014 football and basketball seasons, participants completed a single session in which the anterior reach of the SEBT (SEBT-A), WBLT, active and passive DF-ROM, and modified version of the FMS (deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, and active straight leg raise) were evaluated bilaterally. A health history questionnaire, FAAM and FAAM Sport were completed prior to the respective season as well. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean of three SEBT-A trials (cm) from each leg was normalized to stance leg length (cm) and presented as a percentage. The furthest distance completed for the WBLT was recorded (cm). Active and then passive DF-ROM were measured in degrees. Each of the four stations of the modified FMS was scored on a 0-3 scale, with a total possible score of 12 points indicating a perfect performance. The lowest score of three attempts in each station was used to create the total score. Certified Athletic Trainers tracked and reported ankle injuries and the MOI (non-contact, contact). After the season, athletes were placed in a injured (n=31) or uninjured (n=177) group. Group differences were assessed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-squared analysis. ROC Curves were utilized to find the optimal sensitivity and specificity, which were used to create positive and negative likelihood ratios. Diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were created separately for each outcome measure using the likelihood ratios found. RESULTS: For all ankle injuries (non-contact: n=17, contact: n=14), the only group difference was found with BMI, with those having a higher BMI sustaining more non-contact ankle injuries (contact: 22.72±3.10; non-contact: 27.58±4.71; non-injured: 23.40±4.50; p=0.001). Active DF-ROM trended toward significance (p=0.078). A BMI of 25.07 kg/m2 was associated with moderate sensitivity (0.688) and moderate specificity (0.68), with a DOR of 4.69 for those who played football. The DOR decreased to 2.45 for those who played basketball but was still the highest of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: The ankle injury prediction models from the included variables improved when focused on non-contact injuries. High school football players with a high BMI and a decrease in active DF-ROM appear to have the highest risk of ankle injury. These functional assessment tools provide a strong capability to assess high school football players at risk for a non-contact ankle injury and are easily performed by clinicians in the high school athletic training facilities.
Phillip Gribble (Committee Chair)
Brian Pietrosimone (Committee Member)
Abbey Thomas (Committee Member)
94 p.
Kinesiology; Sports Medicine

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Wilhelm, S. E. (2014). Using Functional Performance Assessment Tools to Predict Ankle Injuries in High School Football and Basketball Athletes [Master's thesis, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396518848

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Wilhelm, Sarah. Using Functional Performance Assessment Tools to Predict Ankle Injuries in High School Football and Basketball Athletes. 2014. University of Toledo, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396518848.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Wilhelm, Sarah. "Using Functional Performance Assessment Tools to Predict Ankle Injuries in High School Football and Basketball Athletes." Master's thesis, University of Toledo, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396518848

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

toledo1396518848
1,128
© 2014, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo and OhioLINK.