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Social Inclusion of the Indigenous in Bolivia after the Return to Democracy

Lafuente-Rodriguez, Ramiro Hernan
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1629326980654724

Abstract Details

2021, Master of Arts, University of Toledo, Sociology.
In most of the underdeveloped countries, the indigenous population does not have full citizenship rights due to social exclusion. In Bolivia, considering that about 60% of its population is indigenous (CEJIES, 2019), this lack of social inclusion is one of the most important obstacles for Bolivia’s development. According to the United Nations, “social exclusion” is the involuntary exclusion of individuals and groups from society’s political, economic and societal processes, which prevents their full participation in the society in which they live. Poverty is defined as the lack of economic resources, and so defined is an important cause of social exclusion in as much as the lack of those resources prevents participation. However, there are other important dimensions of social exclusion, which encompass a broader (complex and multi-dimensional) set of concerns. The history of post-colonial Bolivia is the history of the struggle of the indigenous to reach full social inclusion. After the 1952 Revolution in Bolivia, the indigenous population significantly gained more citizenship, but in practice their citizenships rights were never fully attained. For example, ownership of land is still an issue. However, the right to vote and its exercise has improved considerably, especially in the last democratic period. Bolivia, a landlocked country in the heart of South America whose main source of income is the export of natural gas, minerals, and raw materials, had a series of military dictatorships between 1964 and 1982. After the return to democracy, in 1982, Bolivia had a continuous democratic and constitutional period. Evo Morales, the first self-identified indigenous president, and the president with the greatest length of time in office (2006-2019), had a major support of the indigenous population to reach the presidency. His administration claimed to be anti-imperialist and supported some socialist policies. This work describes and analyzes the process of social inclusion that the Bolivian indigenous experienced after the Bolivian independence and investigates specific social phenomena to determine if the Bolivian indigenous have achieved more social inclusion during the most recent democratic period. Sociological historical approach, decolonization, civic engagement considerations and Indigenismo perspectives constitute the methodology of this work, including oral histories and human development indicators to consolidate the findings. The data was gathered in 2019 when Evo Morales was still president.
Dwight Haase (Committee Chair)
93 p.
Sociology
Bolivian indigenous, Social inclusion, Indianism, Indigenism.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Lafuente-Rodriguez, R. H. (2021). Social Inclusion of the Indigenous in Bolivia after the Return to Democracy [Master's thesis, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1629326980654724

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Lafuente-Rodriguez, Ramiro. Social Inclusion of the Indigenous in Bolivia after the Return to Democracy. 2021. University of Toledo, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1629326980654724.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Lafuente-Rodriguez, Ramiro. "Social Inclusion of the Indigenous in Bolivia after the Return to Democracy." Master's thesis, University of Toledo, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1629326980654724

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

toledo1629326980654724
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This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo and OhioLINK.