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A Longitudinal Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women

Lorenz, Melissa

Abstract Details

2013, MS, University of Cincinnati, Allied Health Sciences: Nutrition.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinally nutrient intake of overweight and obese postpartum women who are breastfeeding, mixed feeding, or formula feeding, and to identify deficiencies and excesses in the diet when compared to the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Methods: This longitudinal study followed 74 overweight and obese postpartum women over 12 months. Three-day food records were collected at six weeks, six months, and 12 months postpartum. Food records were analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research. Average energy intake was calculated for each group at each time point. The percentage of those who did not meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) for macronutrients and specific micronutrients were calculated, as well as the percentage of those who exceeded the Upper Intake Levels (UL) for the same nutrients. Results: More than 50% of breastfeeding (BF) mother’s did not meet the EAR for zinc, vitamins A, D, E, and C at baseline; vitamins D and E at 6 months; and vitamins A, D, E, and calcium at 12 months. More than 50% of mixed feeding (MF) mother’s did not meet the EAR for vitamins A, D, E, and C at all time points, zinc at baseline and 12 months, and vitamin B-6 at six months and 12 months. More than 50% of formula feeding (FF) mothers did not meet the EAR for vitamins D, E, and C at all time points, magnesium at baseline and 12 months, calcium at six and 12 months, and vitamin K at baseline and 12 months. Sodium exceeded the UL for BF, MF, and FF women at all time points. Conclusion: Recommendations for lactating and non-lactating women should encourage food sources that contain nutrients likely to be limited in their diets.
Graciela Falciglia, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Seung-Yeon Lee, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
34 p.

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Lorenz, M. (2013). A Longitudinal Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women [Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367945000

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Lorenz, Melissa. A Longitudinal Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women. 2013. University of Cincinnati, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367945000.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Lorenz, Melissa. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women." Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367945000

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)