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Simulation-Based Integrated Control Algorithm for Controlling Shockwave Propagation on Freeways and Queue Spillback at On-ramps

Allam, Karteek Kumar
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-2739
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448275202

Abstract Details

2015, MS, University of Cincinnati, Engineering and Applied Science: Civil Engineering.
Heavy traffic flow entering the freeway mainline can cause or worsen congestion on the freeway mainline due to interrupted on-ramp traffic. In order to address this problem, Freeway ramp metering systems are usually deployed to improve the traffic flow on urban freeways. These systems are attended to improve the flow on the freeway by regulating the on-ramp rate entering the freeway. However, amongst all the possible factors contributing to traffic congestion on freeways and arterials connected via ramps, lack of coordination in the operation of various system components is a major source of inefficiency at freeway and ramp conjunctions. Various ramp metering algorithms have been developed in an attempt to solve the unsystematic problem in coordinating the control of freeway, and arterials. Nevertheless, most of the algorithms control actions were selected based on either pre-defined plans or detected traffic condition. Implementation of the algorithms on the field is also a concern because of its excessive data requirements of these algorithms. Furthermore, existence of a range of flow rates in synchronized flow traffic can cause breakdown due to internal perturbations. Many algorithms failed to address the issue of worsening freeway congestion due to upstream traffic at the on-ramp. This research will formulate an integrated ramp metering control algorithm, using real time traffic measurements. Multiple priority objectives are explicitly set up to delay the congestion due to internal perturbations, maintain the throughput of freeway, and to prevent on-ramp vehicles from overflowing into arterials. This algorithm is also formulated to minimize the delays and control the shockwave propagation from the merge location of the on-ramp and the freeway. In order to measure the effectiveness, the proposed algorithm is compared with a traffic responsive algorithm, such as ALINEA (Asservissement LINeaire d’Entree Autoroutiere), and proposed recommendations accordingly. Considering the importance of gap acceptance and internal perturbations in the current research, calibration of the simulation model was conducted. For this purpose, video data was collected capturing the traffic at the merge location of the freeway and on-ramp, from which the accepted gaps and headways of the vehicles merging into the freeway have been extracted. This was given as an input to the VISSIM simulation model for calibration. The simulation test results indicate that the proposed integrated ramp metering algorithm is more effective than the ALINEA and Fixed Time ramp metering algorithms in terms of reducing the system delays and travel time on the freeway, and minimizing the freeway breakdown. Additionally, the proposed algorithm works efficiently at the ramp traffic flow of no more than 580 veh/hr. In other words, the ALINEA likely outperforms the proposed algorithm as the ramp traffic exceeds 580 veh/hr. The contribution of the research will be reflective of the following aspects: 1) developing a method with a supportive algorithm for minimizing the shockwave propagation by dampening shockwave formation of mainline freeway traffic; 2) developing a method with a supportive algorithm to reduce mainline freeway shockwaves by dispatching vehicles from the on-ramp at a flow rate that can best fit in the observed gaps to be available from the freeway traffic; 3) identifying the minimum accepted gaps at the merge location from video observation to develop appropriate gap acceptance parameters; and 4) developing an integrated computing system to provide a fundamental platform for further functionality expansion in the future for study of a multiple-ramp situation at a freeway system.
Heng Wei, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Andrew S. Rohne, M.ENG. (Committee Member)
Jonathan Corey, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
95 p.
Civil Engineering
Ramp metering; Integrated algorithm; Gap acceptance

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Citations

  • Allam, K. K. (2015). Simulation-Based Integrated Control Algorithm for Controlling Shockwave Propagation on Freeways and Queue Spillback at On-ramps [Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448275202

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Allam, Karteek Kumar. Simulation-Based Integrated Control Algorithm for Controlling Shockwave Propagation on Freeways and Queue Spillback at On-ramps. 2015. University of Cincinnati, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448275202.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Allam, Karteek Kumar. "Simulation-Based Integrated Control Algorithm for Controlling Shockwave Propagation on Freeways and Queue Spillback at On-ramps." Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448275202

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ucin1448275202
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This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.