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Brain Activity During Periods of Longer Reaction Times: Event-Related Potential Comparisons of Children With and Without ADHD

Kingery, Kathleen M, B.A.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869304401252

Abstract Details

2017, PhD, University of Cincinnati, Arts and Sciences: Psychology.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the neurophysiological basis of long reaction times (RTs) that are a well-established phenomenon among patients diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children (ages 7-12) diagnosed with ADHD (n=25) and typically developing controls (n=26) completed an auditory Go/No Go computerized task while electroencephalography (EEG) was collected. Terciles were created for each individual’s reaction times on correct “Go” trials (i.e., fast RTs/medium RTs/slow RTs). EEG activity in parietal electrodes (P3/Pz/P4) between stimulus onset to 900 msec was averaged for all epochs within each individual’s terciles and the magnitudes and latencies of the peak amplitudes for each tercile were identified. A main effect of group on tau, a measure of extended RTs, was investigated. Linear mixed models were conducted with group, tercile, and their interaction as independent variables separately for amplitude, latency, and area under the curve (AUC) for the parietal stimulus-locked waveform. There was no main effect of group for tau. A main effect of tercile was found for the peak amplitude but not the peak latency with long RT terciles being associated with lower peak amplitudes. There was also a significant main effect of tercile when comparing AUC across terciles, indicating that longer RTs are associated with less positive activation overall within the specified time window. There were no group differences in peak amplitude or peak latency, nor were there any significant group by tercile interactions. Study results indicated that long RTs appear to be related to lower ERP peaks during stimulus processing. This seems to be true across children with ADHD as well as typically developing controls. This study adds to a growing body of literature documenting distinct cognitive processes during instances of long RTs.
Jeffery Epstein, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Chung-Yiu Chiu, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Paula Shear, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
72 p.
Clinical Psychology
ADHD; reaction time; ERP; EEG; reaction time variability

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Kingery, K. M. (2017). Brain Activity During Periods of Longer Reaction Times: Event-Related Potential Comparisons of Children With and Without ADHD [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869304401252

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Kingery, Kathleen. Brain Activity During Periods of Longer Reaction Times: Event-Related Potential Comparisons of Children With and Without ADHD. 2017. University of Cincinnati, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869304401252.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Kingery, Kathleen. "Brain Activity During Periods of Longer Reaction Times: Event-Related Potential Comparisons of Children With and Without ADHD." Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869304401252

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ucin1504869304401252
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© 2017, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.