Skip to Main Content
Frequently Asked Questions
Submit an ETD
Global Search Box
Need Help?
Keyword Search
Participating Institutions
Advanced Search
School Logo
Files
File List
30644.pdf (2.23 MB)
ETD Abstract Container
Abstract Header
Examining the Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Synthetic Sweat
Author Info
Brann, Christopher A
Permalink:
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378579820631
Abstract Details
Year and Degree
2018, MS, University of Cincinnati, Medicine: Industrial Hygiene (Environmental Health).
Abstract
The scientific literature is increasingly indicating that very small doses of lead can present health risks, and that there may be no safe level of lead. As such, it is important to be vigilant in ensuring that worker exposures are assessed and managed to as low as possible. Exposure, however, does not always equate to dose. Multiple pathways of exposure that are encountered in the workplace need to be considered and the impacts on dose better estimated. While many studies have focused on the relationship between occupational airborne lead and blood lead levels (internal dose), dermal absorption is often overlooked as a potential dose route for inorganic lead compounds. This thesis examines the solubility of inorganiclead compounds as one component of understanding the relationship between dermal exposureand dermal absorption (and ultimately dose). Lead nitrate was studied as a model soluble inorganiclead compound. The Interactions between syntheticsweat and lead nitrate are important because sweat is the first substance aforeign particle will contact following dermal deposition in many work environments (wherework load yields significant sweating). The question that we sought to answerwas whetherinteractions of lead nitrate with sweat has a protective effect, making dermal penetration more difficult. This possibility was considered based on the potential that lead nitrate was less soluble in syntheticsweat than water, and thus, it would potentially be harder for lead to penetrate through the skin. The impacts of the interaction of sweat constituents with lead nitrate have not been systematically tested. Thus, the actual effects of sweat on bioavailable lead were not reported in the published literature. How this variable might affect the interpretation of epidemiology and labroatory-based dermal absorption studies is also not clear. The pilot studies we conducted were aimed at evaluating alternative screening protocols forassessing metal solubility, and testing the impacts of sweat and pH on the solubility of an example compound (lead nitrate). We tested agravimetricbased screening approach to evaluate inorganiclead salt solubility and compared this method to the literature on lead solubility as well as astatic dissolution method. We found that the gravimetricscreening method generated reported solubility values close to those reported in standard chemical and physical property handbooks, but that were much higherthan solubility in the staticdissolution approach. Using the staticdissolution approach, which more closely mimics biological conditions, we found that lead nitrate is less soluble in syntheticsweat than in water. The syntheticsweat pH, at reasonable physiological sweat ranges, did not have asignificant effect on solubility. Through the use astatic dissolution method, the results support the possibility that lead nitrate creates a chemical precipitate that is poorly soluble, limiting the dissolution.
Committee
Michael Maier, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
John Reichard, PharmD Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Aleksanr Stefaniak, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Pages
49 p.
Subject Headings
Environmental Health
Keywords
Solubility
;
Synthetic sweat
;
Lead nitrate
Recommended Citations
Refworks
EndNote
RIS
Mendeley
Citations
Brann, C. A. (2018).
Examining the Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Synthetic Sweat
[Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378579820631
APA Style (7th edition)
Brann, Christopher.
Examining the Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Synthetic Sweat.
2018. University of Cincinnati, Master's thesis.
OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378579820631.
MLA Style (8th edition)
Brann, Christopher. "Examining the Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Synthetic Sweat." Master's thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378579820631
Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)
Abstract Footer
Document number:
ucin1535378579820631
Download Count:
308
Copyright Info
© 2018, some rights reserved.
Examining the Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Synthetic Sweat by Christopher A Brann is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.