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Street Codes and School Victimization: Analyses of U.S. and South Korean Students

O, SooHyun
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-280X
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560867624429456

Abstract Details

2019, PhD, University of Cincinnati, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Criminal Justice.
Extending the work of Anderson (1999), this dissertation explores the effects of adherence to street codes on school-based violent victimization. In considering the effects of street codes on the risk of adolescent school-based violent victimization, this research separates street values into the two distinct orientations: 1) adherence to retaliatory norms, and 2) adherence to general toughness norms and it suggests that these two distinct orientations might exhibit opposite direct effects on victimization—particularly repeated victimization. Further, this dissertation assesses whether both types of street codes are positively, indirectly related to the frequency of violent victimization through risky (deviant) lifestyles, though such indirect effects are hypothesized to be especially pronounced for general toughness norms versus retaliatory norms. These various direct and indirect effects are examined using two sources of data—one from students in schools in the U.S. and the other from students in schools in South Korea. More specifically, the data consists of 11,749 students from 115 schools in Kentucky, U.S. and 12,453 students from schools across South Korea. The direct relationships are examined using (1) Negative Binomial Hurdle models (NBLH) with the U.S. sample and (2) logit models with the Korean sample. The indirect relationships are examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the U.S. sample only. Findings from the analyses support hypotheses suggesting that two dimensions of the street codes have distinct direct effects on school-based violent victimization in both the U.S. and Korean samples, and these distinct effects make sense through the lens of target congruence theory. Further, findings support hypotheses suggesting that these two dimensions of the code have indirect effects that vary in magnitude, and these effects are consistent with the logic of lifestyle-routine activities theory. Limitations of the data and methods used are discussed, as well as, directions for future research.
Pamela Wilcox, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
John Eck, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Bonnie Fisher, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Christopher Schreck, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
118 p.
Criminology
street codes; adolescent victimization; school crime; retaliatory norms; general toughness norms; repeat victimization

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • O, S. (2019). Street Codes and School Victimization: Analyses of U.S. and South Korean Students [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560867624429456

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • O, SooHyun. Street Codes and School Victimization: Analyses of U.S. and South Korean Students. 2019. University of Cincinnati, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560867624429456.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • O, SooHyun. "Street Codes and School Victimization: Analyses of U.S. and South Korean Students." Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560867624429456

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ucin1560867624429456
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This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.