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Comparison of Metabolic Effects between High Aerobic Capacity and Low Aerobic Capacity in Rats Subjected to Intermittent Fasting and Caloric Restriction Diets

Davis, Ashley Elaine
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-0640
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603814399277188

Abstract Details

2020, PHD, Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences / School of Biomedical Sciences.
With today’s obesogenic environment, numerous diet strategies have emerged to combat obesity. Recent interest has focused on the benefits of time-restricted feeding strategies, including intermittent fasting (IF). It is debatable, however, if IF is more effective at combating weight regain after weight loss than calorie restriction (CR) diets. This weight regain is commonly due to the adaptive thermogenic response that occurs when a person’s energy expenditure is decreased below what is predicted for that reduced body weight. Here, rat models of leanness and obesity, artificially selected for intrinsically high and low aerobic capacity, were subjected to IF and CR diets. First, male rats were intermittent fasted every-other-day to determine if this diet was an effective weight loss strategy for the obesity prone low capacity runners (LCR) compared to the lean high capacity runners (HCR). Analysis of the data revealed that IF induced greater loss of weight and fat mass in LCR compared to HCR, even though HCR had a greater food intake. Then, female HCR and LCR, matched for weight loss, were subjected to either intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, or a control-fed diet to determine how these diet strategies affected body composition, energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, and substrate utilization. Similar to males, IF induced greater weight and fat mass loss in LCR compared to HCR in females. IF, however, did not preserve lean mass over fat mass. When comparing energy expenditure on IF, both HCR and LCR suppressed their energy expenditure. HCR, however, had a greater suppression of energy expenditure than LCR, even though LCR lost more body weight. This greater suppression of energy expenditure in HCR could account for some of the differential weight loss between HCR and LCR. Analysis of substrate utilization revealed that during fasted days fat was being utilized compared to fed days when carbohydrates may have been utilized more than fat. When comparing IF to CR, there were no significant differences in body weight, lean and fat mass, energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or substrate utilization. Lastly, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to quantify expression of agouti gene-related peptide (AgRP) from the arcuate nucleus in the brain and the zinc-finger transcriptional factor PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein 16 (PRDM16) from white adipose tissue, to investigate how these diets affected appetite and browning of white adipose tissue. When analyzing the expression of the appetite modulating peptide, AgRP, there was higher expression of AgRP in rats that were intermittent fasted compared to those on a control-fed diet. There was no difference in AgRP expression between phenotype or between rats on IF-fed and CR-fed diets. There was also no difference in the expression of the browning marker PRDM16 between phenotype or between diet regimens. Ultimately, there was no evidence indicating that IF was superior to CR in terms of the adaptive thermogenic response to weight loss. There is some indication, however, that on IF the obesity-prone exhibit less suppression of energy expenditure, and therefore less adaptive thermogenesis than their lean counterparts.
Colleen Novak (Advisor)
Gail Fraizer (Committee Member)
Gemma Casadesus (Committee Member)
Natalie Caine-Bish (Committee Member)
Syephen Fountain (Committee Member)
213 p.
Biomedical Research
Intermittent Fasting, calorie restriction, aerobic capacity, HCR and LCR, energy expenditure

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Davis, A. E. (2020). Comparison of Metabolic Effects between High Aerobic Capacity and Low Aerobic Capacity in Rats Subjected to Intermittent Fasting and Caloric Restriction Diets [Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603814399277188

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Davis, Ashley. Comparison of Metabolic Effects between High Aerobic Capacity and Low Aerobic Capacity in Rats Subjected to Intermittent Fasting and Caloric Restriction Diets. 2020. Kent State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603814399277188.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Davis, Ashley. "Comparison of Metabolic Effects between High Aerobic Capacity and Low Aerobic Capacity in Rats Subjected to Intermittent Fasting and Caloric Restriction Diets." Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1603814399277188

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

kent1603814399277188
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This open access ETD is published by Kent State University and OhioLINK.