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Modeling and Optimal Supervisory Controller Design for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Passenger Bus

Simmons, Kyle S
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366369573

Abstract Details

2013, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Mechanical Engineering.
This thesis presents the modeling and optimal supervisory energy management of a fuel cell/battery-powered passenger bus. The work presented was completed in conjunction with the DesignLine Corporation and the National Fuel Cell Bus Program. With growing concerns about petroleum usage and greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector, finding alternative methods for vehicle propulsion is necessary. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are viable possibilities due to their high efficiencies and zero emissions. It has been shown that the benefits of PEM fuel cells can be greatly improved through hybridization, which requires an energy management system. First, the modeling of an energy-based, forward-simulator representative of the bus is presented. Each component of the powertrain is modeled separately for ease of modification. Experimentally obtained data was used to represent components, when available. Several different battery cells were modeled through experimental identification at The Center for Automotive Research at The Ohio State University. These models were used in the simulator to aid in battery examination and selection for the actual hybrid fuel cell bus. The formal definition of the energy management control problem of the hybrid fuel cell bus is then outlined. Literature has provided numerous techniques for conventional hybrid vehicle control, many of which can be extended to a fuel cell hybrid. One such technique uses Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP). PMP is a very powerful tool in optimal control theory. It can provides a set of necessary conditions to ensure global optimality of a constrained control problem An optimal controller for the hybrid fuel cell bus control problem is developed by applying PMP. The PMP controller finds the optimal control trajectory to follow a given velocity profile that minimizes hydrogen fuel consumption by the fuel cell while maintaining battery state of charge, and satisfying physical limitations of the components. Finally, numerous simulations were completed using the PMP controller. Multiple drive cycles were examined, with and without road grade profiles to ensure every possible operating condition of the bus was explored. A range of different bus weights, battery sizes and different battery chemistries were also simulated. The optimal PMP controller was able to achieve a fuel economy between 4.0 and 8.7 miles per kilogram hydrogen (4.5 and 9.8 miles per diesel gallon equivalent), depending on the drive cycle and bus weight. It was found that the optimal control trajectories of the battery and fuel cell were nearly identical, regardless of battery chemistry. For the component sizing used in the bus, the optimal results show that the battery supplies most of the transit power demand, while the fuel cell operates around the average power demand of the given cycle. Because this average power demand varies greatly with the drive cycle considered, the fuel cell operation is strongly dependent on the severity of the drive cycle. A practical, implementable controller can be designed based on the trends seen from the optimal PMP results. To conclude the work, a possible algorithmic controller that can be implemented on the bus is briefly discussed.
Yann Guezennec, Dr. (Advisor)
Simona Onori, Dr. (Other)
Shawn Midlam-Mohler, Dr. (Committee Member)
84 p.
Automotive Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
Fuel Cell; Hybrid Vehicle; Modeling; Energy Management; Pontryaginm

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Simmons, K. S. (2013). Modeling and Optimal Supervisory Controller Design for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Passenger Bus [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366369573

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Simmons, Kyle. Modeling and Optimal Supervisory Controller Design for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Passenger Bus. 2013. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366369573.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Simmons, Kyle. "Modeling and Optimal Supervisory Controller Design for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Passenger Bus." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366369573

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1366369573
861
© 2013, some rights reserved.Creative Commons License Modeling and Optimal Supervisory Controller Design for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Passenger Bus by Kyle S Simmons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.
Release 3.2.12