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Effect of embryonic thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during an acute inflammatory stress in Pekin ducklings and turkey poults post-hatch

Shanmugasundaram, Revathi
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-6297
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523533395556781

Abstract Details

2018, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Animal Sciences.
Mild heat stress can upregulate Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 transcription in avian embryos. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) transcription and immune cell parameters in Pekin duck embryos. The first set of experiments studied the effects of thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) transcription and immune cell parameters in Pekin duck embryos. Fertile duck eggs were incubated at either a standard (S; 37.5ºC) or High (H; 38.0ºC) between embryonic day (ED) 1 -10. At ED11, half the eggs incubated at 37.5°C or 38.0°C were either continued to be incubated at 37.5°C (SS) or 38.0°C (HH), respectively or switched to be incubated at high temperature of 38.0°C (SH) or at low temperature of 37.5°C (HS). On ED21, all eggs (embryos) were moved to an incubator set at 37.5°C. The mean egg shell temperature (EST) of eggs incubated at 38.0°C was higher (P < 0.01) than that from 37.5°C at ED10. The EST of eggs from the HH treatment was higher (P < 0.01) than that from the SS and SH treatment at ED18. The yolk free wet embryo body weight (YFWEBW) of embryos from the HS treatment was higher, while that in the HH treatments was lower than that from the SS treatment at ED25. Embryos from HH treatment had higher HSP70 mRNA (P < 0.05) than that from the SS treatment in the liver, thymus, and bursa. Thymus and bursa from embryos in the SH treatment had higher (P < 0.05) MHCI mRNA than that from the SS treatment. Thymus from embryos in the HH and SH had higher (P < 0.05), while bursa from embryos in the HH and SH had lower (P < 0.05) MHCII mRNA than that from the SS treatment. Spleen and bursa from HH treatment had higher (P < 0.05) IL-6, IFN¿ and IL-10 mRNA than that from the SS treatment. Thymus and spleen from embryos in HH treatment had higher (P < 0.05) CD8+/CD4+ ratio and CD4+CD25+ cell percentages than that from the SS treatment. In conclusion, YFWEBW was increased in duck embryos when they were incubated at 0.5°C higher than the standard incubation temperature only during ED10-21, while YFWEBW was decreased when they were incubated at 0.5°C higher than the standard incubation temperature between ED1-21. Further, embryos incubated at 0.5°C higher than the standard incubation temperature during ED1-21 had upregulated HSP70 mRNA, MHCI, and inflammatory cytokine and skewed the immune response towards cell mediated immunity. It can be concluded that increasing the incubation temperature by 0.5°C after ED10 might be beneficial in priming the immune system. A second set of experiments investigated the effects of thermal manipulation during incubation on selected post-hatch immune responses in ducklings following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Fertile Pekin duck eggs were distributed to four treatment groups: Control (SS; 37.5º C from embryonic day [ED]1 to 25); Control-LPS (SS-LPS; 37.5º C from ED1 to 25 + LPS at D0 [hatch]); High Temperature + LPS (HH + LPS; 38º C from ED1 to 25+ LPS at D0); Standard-High temperature + LPS (SH-LPS; 37.5º C from ED1 to 10 and 38º C from ED 11 to 25 + LPS at D0). At both D1 and D5 post-LPS injection, ducklings in HH-LPS group had the lowest body weight among all treatment groups (P < 0.05). At both D1 and D3 post-LPS injection, ducklings in SH-LPS and HH-LPS treatment had significantly reduced splenic and bursal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA amounts and macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production compared to the SS-LPS treatment (P < 0.05). At D1 post-LPS injection, ducklings in HH-LPS and SH LPS treatment had increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) mRNA amounts compared to ducklings from the SS-LPS treatment in the spleen (P < 0.05). At D1 post-LPS injection, ducklings in HH-LPS treatment had increased splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA amounts and bursal interferon ¿ mRNA amounts while ducklings in the SH-LPS treatment had decreased splenic IL-6 mRNA amounts compared to the SS-LPS treatment (P < 0.05). Ducklings in the HH-LPS treatment had decreased thymocyte proliferation efficiency (P < 0.05) while ducklings in the SH-LPS treatment had increased thymocyte proliferation efficiency compared with the SH-LPS treatment at D1, D3, and D5 post-LPS injection (P < 0.05). Ducklings in the HH-LPS treatment had higher splenic CD8+/CD4+ ratio compared to those from the SS-LPS treatment at D3 post-LPS injection (P < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that birds in the HH-LPS treatment had a compromised immune response as evidenced by decreased nitric oxide production and reduced thymocyte proliferation efficiency while ducklings in the SH-LPS treatment had increased body weights, increased thymocyte proliferation and reduced IL-6 and HSP70 mRNA amounts. This suggests that a small increase in incubation temperature during the later stage of incubation may be beneficial in priming the immune system by downregulating HSP70. The third set of experiments investigated the effects of thermal manipulation during incubation on the post-hatch immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in ducklings and turkey poults in the same experimental design as in second set of experiments. Ducklings and turkey poults in the combination HH treatment had the lowest yolk free body weight at hatch. At 24, 48, and 72 h post-LPS injection, ducklings and turkey poults in the SH-LPS treatment had increased BW while ducklings and turkey poults in the HH-LPS treatment had lower BW than those in the SS-LPS treatments (P < 0.05). Ducklings and turkey poults in SH-LPS and HH-LPS both had increased plasma heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and lower splenic HSP70 mRNA amounts than the SS-LPS treatments at 24h, 48h, and 72h post-LPS injection (P < 0.05). At 48 and 72 h post-LPS injection, the macrophage nitric oxide (NO) in ducklings and turkey poults in the SH-LPS and HH-LPS treatments was lower than in the SS-LPS treatments (P < 0.05). Ducklings and turkey poults in the SH-LPS treatments had an increased thymocyte proliferation index than the SS-LPS treatment at 24, 48 and 72 h post-LPS injection (P < 0.05). At 24 h post-LPS injection, ducklings in SH-LPS treatment had increased splenic IL-6 and IL-10 and reduced IFN¿ mRNA abundance, while ducklings and turkey poults in HH-LPS treatment had both increased IFN¿ and IL-6 mRNA abundance compared to the SS-LPS treatment (P < 0.05). At 48 h post-LPS injection, ducklings and turkey poults in SH-LPS had lower splenic IL-10 mRNA abundance, while ducklings and turkey poults in HH-LPS group had comparable splenic IL-10 mRNA abundance compared to the SS-LPS group (P > 0.05). Ducklings and turkey poults in the SH-LPS treatment had increased thymic and splenic CD8+/CD4+ ratios at 24 post-LPS injection than that the SS-LPS treatment group. In conclusion, embryonic thermal manipulation applied only during ED11-25 increased yolk free body weight at hatch and increased the release of extracellular HSP70, decreased HSP70 splenic mRNA amounts, increased thymocyte proliferation index, increased IL-10 and decreased IFN¿ mRNA amounts at 24 h post-LPS injection. In contrast, birds in the HH-LPS treatment had compromised immunocompetence as evidenced by decreased nitric oxide production and reduced thymocyte proliferation efficiency. This suggests that increasing the temperature of incubation during the later stage of incubation could potentially be beneficial in priming the immune system towards immunetolerance likely through downregulating HSP70 transcription and increasing the extracellular release of HSP70.
Michael Lilburn (Advisor)
215 p.
Animal Sciences
Embryonic thermal manipulation, HSP70, acute inflammatory stress, Pekin ducks,turkey poults

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Shanmugasundaram, R. (2018). Effect of embryonic thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during an acute inflammatory stress in Pekin ducklings and turkey poults post-hatch [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523533395556781

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Shanmugasundaram, Revathi. Effect of embryonic thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during an acute inflammatory stress in Pekin ducklings and turkey poults post-hatch. 2018. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523533395556781.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Shanmugasundaram, Revathi. "Effect of embryonic thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during an acute inflammatory stress in Pekin ducklings and turkey poults post-hatch." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523533395556781

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1523533395556781
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