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Using wild relatives as a source of traits through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement

Fenstemaker, Sean Michael
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1638408297087077

Abstract Details

2021, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science.
Plant breeders have used wild relatives as a source of genetic diversity for biotic and abiotic stress mitigation since the early 20th century. This natural allelic diversity is a vital resource for crop improvement. The focus of this dissertation was to use tomato as a model to compare two methods of accessing trait diversity from wild relatives: introgression breeding and grafting. The specific aims were to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to trait delivery methods and assess their relative efficacy and limitations. An accession of the endemic Galápagos tomato, S. galapagense LA1141, provided allelic variation for the genetic dissection of purple fruit pigmentation and tolerance to water deficit stress. Accessions of S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites were used as parents to develop interspecific hybrid rootstock for multi-year, multi-location field trials. The first objective was to determine the chemical and genetic basis of purple pigmentation. Accession LA1141 and a processing tomato, OH8245, were used to develop populations for the simultaneous characterization and introgression of traits. The breeding strategy employed repeated backcrossing (BC) followed by inbreeding (S). The LA1141 × OH8245 populations provided plant materials to identify genetic factors that underlie quantitative trait loci (QTL) while introducing these traits into a commercially viable genetic background. I genotyped the LA1141 × OH8245 BC2S3 generation with single nucleotide polymorphisms, created a linkage map, and conducted composite interval mapping. Anthocyanins were identified as causal pigments, and QTL analysis revealed genetic regions that explained as much as 35% of the variation in color. These analyses led to the identification of candidate genes. Subsequent sequence and phylogenetic analyses supported a conservation of mechanism leading to purple fruit, while identifying novel alleles at the Anthocyanin fruit, atroviolacium, and uniform ripening loci. The second objective was to describe the genetic basis of water deficit stress tolerance derived from LA1141, compare phenotyping methodologies for large germplasm screens, and evaluate selection strategies. A digital phenotyping workflow based on infrared images was developed to assess water deficit stress. QTLs were identified and explained 9% of the phenotypic variation. Advanced lines chosen using phenotypic and genomic selection performed better than randomly advanced lines. The third objective was to determine if I could access tolerance to water deficit stress derived from LA1141 through grafting. Grafting improved plant physiological status but did not maintain yield and quality under deficit irrigation in the greenhouse evaluation. My fourth objective tested the efficacy of grafting to improve cultivated tomatoes in the field by using rootstocks developed from crosses with S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites. Data from these field trials were used to quantify the genetic contributions of the parents used for the development of interspecific hybrid rootstocks. Grafting doubled the yield of a high-lycopene scion while maintaining levels of potentially bioactive carotenoids. This dissertation provides a framework for comparing the relative merits of introgression breeding and grafting as a method of trait delivery from tomato wild relatives as a source of genetic diversity.
David Fancis, PhD (Advisor)
Jessica Cooperstone, PhD (Committee Member)
Mathew Kleinhenz, PhD (Committee Member)
Chieri Kubota, PhD (Committee Member)
Christine Spunrger, PhD (Committee Member)
266 p.
Horticulture; Plant Biology; Plant Sciences
LA1141, Introgression, grafting, anthocyanin, abiotic stress, high throughput phenotyping, water deficit, tomato wilt relatives, LA2204, Solanum galapagense, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum habroachaites, phylogenetics, purple tomato

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Citations

  • Fenstemaker, S. M. (2021). Using wild relatives as a source of traits through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1638408297087077

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Fenstemaker, Sean. Using wild relatives as a source of traits through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement. 2021. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1638408297087077.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Fenstemaker, Sean. "Using wild relatives as a source of traits through introgression breeding and grafting for tomato improvement." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1638408297087077

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1638408297087077
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.