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Total Organic Halogen Formation in the Presence of Iopamidol and Chlorinated Oxidants with and without Natural Organic Matter

Ackerson, Nana Osei Bonsu
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7107
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396543573

Abstract Details

2014, Master of Science in Engineering, University of Akron, Civil Engineering.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the transformation of ICM as a function of pH (6.5 to 9.5) and time (up to either 72 or 168 hr) in the presence of chlorinated oxidants. Total organic iodide (TOI) loss was used as a surrogate for the ICM. Experiments were performed with and without natural organic matter (NOM). Degradation of TOI in the absence of NOM was carried out at low and high concentrations of iopamidol and aqueous chlorine. Also, the effect of NOM variation on iodate formation was investigated. The TOI degradation and iodate formation at low reactant and buffer concentrations were greatest at pH 7.5 and least at pH 9.5. TOI degradation followed observed first-order kinetics at all pH except pH 6.5, which exhibited bi-phasic degradation kinetics. Iodate formation did not follow either first or second order observed formation and was the predominant iodine-containing species after 24 hr. Furthermore, disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed at pH 6.5 – 8.5 were chloroform, trichloroacetic acid and chlorodiiodomethane. In the presence of monochloramine and in the absence of NOM, the loss of TOI was insignificant and no iodate formation was observed. At high concentrations of iopamidol and aqueous chlorine, TOI loss and iodate formation at pH 6.5 and 8.5 was rapid for the first 24 hr and ceased afterwards. The formation of total organic chloride (TOCl) was initially observed at 6 hr and 2 hr for pH 6.5 and 8.5 respectively. Also, chloroform, dichloroiodomethane, chlorodiiodomethane, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid was observed. About 99% of the remaining TOI formed at each discrete time was contained in unidentified iopamidol transformation products. When TOI was monitored in the presence of NOM and aqueous chlorine, source waters from Akron, Barberton and Cleveland respectively recorded 68 to 74%, 62 to 72% and 68 to 77% loss of TOI. However, no iodate was formed in any of the source water experiments. No significant degradation of TOI was observed in the presence of NOM and monochloramine. Iodate was not formed in varying NOM concentrations in Barberton and Cleveland source waters.
Stephen Duirk, PhD (Advisor)
Lan Zhang, PhD (Committee Member)
Christopher Miller, PhD (Committee Member)
130 p.
Civil Engineering; Environmental Engineering
Total organic halogen; Iopamidol; Natural organic matter; chlorine; monochloramine; Iodate

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Citations

  • Ackerson, N. O. B. (2014). Total Organic Halogen Formation in the Presence of Iopamidol and Chlorinated Oxidants with and without Natural Organic Matter [Master's thesis, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396543573

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Ackerson, Nana Osei. Total Organic Halogen Formation in the Presence of Iopamidol and Chlorinated Oxidants with and without Natural Organic Matter. 2014. University of Akron, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396543573.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Ackerson, Nana Osei. "Total Organic Halogen Formation in the Presence of Iopamidol and Chlorinated Oxidants with and without Natural Organic Matter." Master's thesis, University of Akron, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396543573

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

akron1396543573
966
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This open access ETD is published by University of Akron and OhioLINK.