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An Huynh MS Thesis .pdf (2.04 MB)

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Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens

Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024

Abstract Details

2020, Master of Science (MS), University of Toledo, Pharmaceutical Sciences (Industrial Pharmacy).
There are currently 14 organic and 2 inorganic UV filters approved in the United States. Due to coral reef safety concerns, octinoxate and oxybenzone have been banned in Hawaii, Key West, FL and the US Virgin Islands; and octocrylene is also being studied for its potential impact on coral reef safety, leaving 11 organic UV filters as viable options for sunscreen manufacturers – with limitations on their combination. Since consumers are always looking for sunscreens with high SPF and broad-spectrum protection, the need for UVB and UVA protection boosting technologies is greater than ever. In a preliminary study, about two dozen emollients were scanned for their SPF boosting capability with selected organic UV filters. In this study, our goal was to evaluate whether and to what extent the in vitro SPF and broad-spectrum protection of three selected organic UV filters (homosalate, octisalate and avobenzone) and the two inorganic UV filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) can be boosted with three selected emollients (diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, and butyloctyl salicylate), and an SPF boosting ingredient (SunSpheres™). Organic, inorganic and mixed organic/inorganic sunscreens were formulated and tested for stability, viscosity, spreadability (TA.XTPlus texture analyzer), and droplet size; as well as in vitro SPF and broad-spectrum protection (LabSphere 2000S), and water resistance. The results show that C12-15 alkyl benzoate provided the highest in vitro SPF out of three emollients tested for the organic sunscreens. However, this ingredient did not form a stable emulsion with our inorganic ingredients, therefore, butyloctyl salicylate was selected to be used for this research project. Titanium dioxide had a higher in vitro SPF value; however, zinc oxide provided broader spectrum protection. Therefore, zinc oxide was selected to be combined with the organic UV filters. We observed an in vitro SPF increase in the case of all sunscreens after exposing the sunscreens to a 20-minute water bath. We believe that the film-former, i.e., polyamide‑8 and the drying time contributed to higher SPF values after the water bath. All sunscreens had a shear-thinning behavior, which is typical for creams and lotions. Overall, the organic/inorganic UV filter-based sunscreen containing the SunSpheres™ (CS) performed the best in terms of in vitro SPF, water-resistance, and spreadability.
Gabriella Baki (Committee Chair)
Jerry Nesamony (Committee Member)
Matthew Liberatore (Committee Member)
74 p.
Chemistry; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacy Sciences
SPF Boosters; organic UV filters; inorganic UV filters; UVA boosting technologies; UVB boosting technologies; broad-spectrum protection; sunscreens; physical sunscreen; chemical sunscreen

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Huynh, A. N. H. (2020). Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens [Master's thesis, University of Toledo]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Huynh, An. Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens. 2020. University of Toledo, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Huynh, An. "Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens." Master's thesis, University of Toledo, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

mco158889865268024
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This open access ETD is published by University of Toledo Health Science Campus and OhioLINK.