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Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Winnick, Jason J
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296

Abstract Details

2006, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Physical Activity and Educational Services.
Background: Previous investigations have examined the effect of aerobic exercise training on peripheral glucose uptake (PGU) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). These studies often use lengthy training durations that improve both body fat levels and maximal oxygen consumption. Improvements to either of these measures can improve PGU and EGP, making it difficult to assess the independent effect of aerobic exercise on PGU and EGP. An aerobic exercise training duration of seven days can improve glucose tolerance and insulin action in humans with DM without altering body fat levels or maximal oxygen consumption. It is not known if the improved glucose tolerance resulting from exercise is due to an improved capacity of insulin to stimulate PGU, suppress EGP, or a combination of these events. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of seven days of aerobic exercise on PGU and EGP during isoglycemic/ two-step hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions. It was hypothesized that seven days of aerobic exercise would result in increased insulin stimulation of PGU and increased insulin suppression of EGP during the post-absorptive state (i.e., no insulin infusion) and during each of low and high insulin infusion rates. It was further hypothesized that these changes to PGU and EGP would occur in a dose-response fashion relative to rate of insulin infusion. Methods: Eighteen obese, mildly diabetic humans were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the diet only group consumed an isocaloric diet that was provided for them by the GCRC metabolic kitchen staff consisting of 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein for 15 days. The diet and exercise group consumed a similar diet over the 15 days and performed 50 minutes of treadmill walking at an intensity of 70% of each subject’s maximal oxygen consumption during the second seven days of the 15 day study period. Caloric expenditure from exercise was replaced with food energy. In addition to measuring maximal oxygen consumption and body fat levels before and after the intervention, each subject underwent an isoglycemic/ two-step hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp after the first and second week of participation in the study, where PGU and EGP were measured using 3-3H labeled glucose. As anticipated by the study design, maximal oxygen consumption and body fat levels did not change in response to the intervention in either group. The exercise training intervention did not have an impact on PGU or EGP during post-absorptive insulin levels, or during the low-insulin infusion period of the isoglycemic clamp, and it did not alter EGP during the high-insulin infusion period. However, seven days of aerobic exercise training significantly increased PGU (p < 0.05) and muscle insulin sensitivity (p < 0.0001) during the high-insulin infusion period. Conclusion: Improvements to glucose tolerance and insulin action that have been observed by others in response to seven days of aerobic exercise training are likely due to changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, not hepatic insulin sensitivity.
William Sherman (Advisor)
Health Sciences, Nutrition

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Winnick, J. J. (2006). Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Winnick, Jason. Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2006. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Winnick, Jason. "Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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© 2006, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.