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Dissertation Gorr .pdf (3.29 MB)

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Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Gorr, Matthew W.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428674045

Abstract Details

2015, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology.
Air pollution, particularly the particulate matter (PM) component, has been strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with the World Health Organization declaring millions of premature deaths per year due to air pollution exposure. A gap in understanding exists, however, concerning the mechanisms behind the detrimental effects of PM inhalation on the heart. Here, both in vivo and in vitro models of PM exposure are utilized to characterize and examine the mechanisms behind the detrimental effects of PM on the cardiovascular system. Using cultured cardiomyocytes, I demonstrate that culture with diesel exhaust particles (DEP, a major portion of ambient PM) causes significant contractile and calcium-handling defects. These alterations are also found when cardiomyocytes are cultured in media from DEP-treated lung epithelial cells, providing a platform to study the direct and indirect effects of PM on the heart. Additionally, using a concentrated ambient particle (CAP) exposure system, mice were exposed during gestation to PM less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) or filtered air (FA) and their resulting offspring were examined at adulthood. These mice had significantly lower cardiac function compared to FA mice as found via echocardiography and cardiomyocyte functional analyses. To examine adult-only exposure, mice were exposed to PM2.5 or FA for 9 months, and cardiac function was found to be reduced significantly in the PM2.5 group. These models of in vivo, in vitro and in utero exposure to PM are assessed utilizing molecular techniques, and the impact of this research on our understanding of air pollution-derived cardiovascular dysfunction are discussed herein.
Loren Wold, PhD (Advisor)
Estelle Cormet-Boyaka, PhD (Committee Member)
Vidu Garg, MD (Committee Member)
Qinghua Sun, PhD, MD (Committee Member)
Brandon Biesiadecki, PhD (Committee Member)
144 p.
Biology; Molecular Biology; Physiology
Air pollution; cardiovascular dysfunction; toxicology; particulate matter

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Gorr, M. W. (2015). Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428674045

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Gorr, Matthew. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction. 2015. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428674045.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Gorr, Matthew. "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428674045

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1428674045
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© 2015, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.