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Body Composition, Dietary Patterns, and Carotenoid Status in Division 1 Athletes

Jontony, Nicole, Jontony
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-0951
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524225625579995

Abstract Details

2018, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Allied Medicine.
Background: Aligning dietary patterns with evidence-based recommendations, such as the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, has been shown to reduce body fat. Despite this, Division 1 (D1) athletes often utilize non-evidence-based dietary practices in an effort to fuel their bodies or alter body composition. Objective/Hypothesis: Body composition, skin carotenoids, and dietary patterns of D1 athletes were analyzed to assess: (1) the association between objective measures of skin carotenoids (SC) and percent body fat (BF%); and (2) concordance with current dietary recommendations. Methods: Participants from five D1 teams (n=143) representing women’s crew (Wcrew, n=63), women’s gymnastics (Wgym, n=9), women’s swimming (Wswim, n=22), men’s swimming (Mswim, n=24), and men’s wrestling (Mwr, n=25) completed assessments. BF% and SC status were measured in the conditioned (<1 month from season) and non-conditioned states (>2 months outside of season). Dietary patterns were assessed at one time point and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 was analyzed. Results: BF% increased for women’s teams and decreased for men’s teams from conditioned to non-conditioned state. SC decreased for all teams except Mwr over the same transitional periods. There was a statistically significant, moderate negative association between changes in BF% and SC for the entire cohort (p = 0.001, r = -0.33). There were no significant associations between changes in BF% and SC among ii individual teams (Wcrew p = 0.096, Wgym p = 0.717, Wswim p = 0.548, Mswim p = 0.836, Mwr p = 0.068). Mean HEI total diet quality score for all participants was 71.0 (SD = 11.2). Mwr had a significantly lower diet quality compared to other teams (p = 0.03). Between sex, male teams had the lowest diet quality (Mswim = 68.2, Mwr = 56.5), and across all teams, those in stereotypically weight-sensitive sports had the lowest diet quality (Wgym = 68.9, Mwr = 56.5). Conclusions: Within this subset of D1 athletes, a significant association between changes in SC and BF% was noted. Athletes are not meeting adequacy in diet quality, with poorer diet quality in the non-conditioned state. Dietary interventions should target teaching nutrition habits during non-conditioned state and improving diet quality of male and weight-sensitive athletes. Interventions and larger randomized trials are warranted that target evidenced-based nutrition education for weight management and resulting diet quality and weight outcomes for endurance and weight-sensitive sports.
Colleen Spees (Advisor)
Laura Boucher (Committee Member)
Christopher Taylor (Committee Member)
103 p.
Nutrition

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Jontony, Jontony, N. (2018). Body Composition, Dietary Patterns, and Carotenoid Status in Division 1 Athletes [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524225625579995

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Jontony, Jontony, Nicole. Body Composition, Dietary Patterns, and Carotenoid Status in Division 1 Athletes. 2018. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524225625579995.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Jontony, Jontony, Nicole. "Body Composition, Dietary Patterns, and Carotenoid Status in Division 1 Athletes." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524225625579995

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1524225625579995
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.
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