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Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia

Binkley, Laura Elyse
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-1616
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304

Abstract Details

2019, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Comparative and Veterinary Medicine.
Ethiopia has long been among the most rabies-affected countries in the world with an annual incidence rate of 1.6/100,000 population. Domestic dogs serve as the principal reservoir for rabies transmission however, little information exists regarding the genetic diversity of RABVs circulating in dogs or the existence of cycles maintained by other mammalian species. Identifying all reservoirs of rabies plays a crucial role in effective disease control. Objectives include 1.) Investigation of the genetic diversity of rabies circulating in wild and domestic species throughout Ethiopia; 2.) Identification of intraspecies and interspecies contact rates at communal foraging sites; 3.) Application of contact rate estimates to mathematical expressions that will help determine maintenance potential. This work comprises the study of 230 partial and complete N-gene sequences obtained from both wild and domestic species collected throughout different regions of Ethiopia during the period 2010-2017. Camera traps were used to examine contact rates within and between terrestrial carnivore species at communal foraging sites. These contact rates were then applied to expressions of the basic reproductive number to determine the rabies maintenance potential of populations. Results identified the existence of a major dog rabies epizootic throughout Ethiopia involving a homogeneous RABV variant that has been spreading from an epicenter in the Oromia region. Additionally, a 3.3% divergent RABV variant circulating in side-stripped jackals was identified. Intraspecies contact rates and calculations of maintenance potential were highest in domestic dogs followed by spotted hyenas and domestic cats, respectively. Interspecies contact rates and calculations of maintenance potential were highest between domestic cats and spotted hyenas. This snapshot of rabies dynamics in Ethiopia provides important baseline data for prevention and control efforts and serves as the first steps in identifying wildlife reservoir hosts for rabies transmission throughout the country.
Wondwossen Gebreyes, DVM, PhD, ACVPM (Advisor)
Jeanette O'Quin, DVM, MPH,DABVP, DACVPM (Advisor)
Michael Bisesi, PhD (Committee Member)
Laura Pomeroy, PhD (Committee Member)
Robert Gates, PhD (Committee Member)
Andres Velasco-Villa, PhD (Committee Member)
330 p.
Animal Diseases; Biology; Ecology; Environmental Health; Environmental Studies; Epistemology; Health Sciences; Public Health; Wildlife Management; Zoology
Wildlife disease ecology, veterinary epidemiology, spotted hyena, rabies, zoonotic disease, molecular epidemiology, field methods, disease modeling, public health, One Health

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Binkley, L. E. (2019). Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Binkley, Laura. Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia . 2019. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Binkley, Laura. "Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia ." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1555504407886304
943
© 2019, some rights reserved.Creative Commons License Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia by Laura Elyse Binkley is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Based on a work at etd.ohiolink.edu.
This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.