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SRMielke_dissertation_2019C.pdf (2.97 MB)

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Environmental Persistence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and the Impact on Transmission Cycles in Endemic Regions

Mielke, Sarah Rebecca
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-2221
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574079284530142

Abstract Details

2019, Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, Comparative and Veterinary Medicine.
Extensive research of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been conducted concerning basic etiology of the related disease and transmission potential from livestock and livestock products; (Argentine-United States Joint Commission on Foot and Mouth Disease, 1966) with a subset of research determining optimal conditions for environmental survival of the virus.(Bachrach, Breese, Jr., Callis, W.R., & Patty, 1957; Cottral, 1969; Dimopoullos, 1960; Pirtle & Beran, 1991) However, this subset was conducted in the early to mid-20th century in Northern Europe and the United States which is not easily generalized to today’s endemic locations of Southern Asia and Africa.(OIE, 2017; Spickler, 2015) To understand the impacts of these data a Cox Proportional Hazard analysis model was developed to evaluate FMDV survival parameters across these studies. Preliminary analysis suggests that environmental matrices and relative humidity decrease the hazard of viral inactivation while temperature increases this hazard. Additionally, questions remain about spatial and temporal patterns of environmental persistence of FMDV in outbreak locations like Cameroon, West Africa, where both sedentary and mobile cattle populations exist. Environmental samples including soil, fomite, and air from FMD outbreaks were analyzed with rRT-PCR to detect FMDV RNA from three herds in Ngaoundere, Cameroon at designated locations from clinically infected cattle. These data were used to determine spatial and temporal transmission patterns and the theoretical implications of environmental persistence of FMDV in tropical climates. Theoretical implications were evaluated with an agent-based model (ABM) that included data on movement of mobile cattle herds from the Far North, Cameroon. FMD results in animal mortality and morbidity, imparts trade restrictions on developing economies, and burdens veterinary infrastructure with expensive control programs. These consequences greatly impact regional economies and food security for large populations that subsist on agriculture.(Knight-Jones & Rushton, 2013) It is concluded that understanding environmental transmission of FMDV and the surrounding factors and conditions can impact FMD prevention and elimination strategies for a disease considered to be economically devastating.
Rebecca Garabed (Advisor)
Michael Bisesi (Committee Member)
Andrew Bowman (Committee Member)
Stephen Matthews (Committee Member)
237 p.
Agriculture; Animal Diseases; Biostatistics; Ecology; Environmental Science; Epidemiology; Public Health
FMDV, Environmental persistence, Bayesian statistics, Agent-based model, Endemic disease, Tropical disease

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Mielke, S. R. (2019). Environmental Persistence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and the Impact on Transmission Cycles in Endemic Regions [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574079284530142

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Mielke, Sarah. Environmental Persistence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and the Impact on Transmission Cycles in Endemic Regions. 2019. Ohio State University, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574079284530142.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Mielke, Sarah. "Environmental Persistence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and the Impact on Transmission Cycles in Endemic Regions." Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574079284530142

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

osu1574079284530142
826
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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.