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Effects of Controlled Hypocaloric Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets on Liver Fat in Overweight/Obese Adults

Crabtree, Christopher David
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-3048
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586780375128754

Abstract Details

2020, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Kinesiology.
Background & Aims: The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be effective at reversing manifestations of insulin resistance including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether KDs have an advantage over low-fat diets to decrease liver fat when matched for energy under controlled conditions remains unclear, as does the impact of exogenous ketone supplementation. The primary objective of this study was to compare composite liver fat responses to a precisely controlled hypocaloric ketogenic diet, with and without an exogenous ketone supplement, versus an energy-matched low-fat diet in overweight/obese adults. Approach and Results: Adults with excess weight and variable liver fat at baseline (mean 4.9%, range 0.5 to 23.0) were assigned to precisely controlled hypocaloric (75% of energy expenditure) 6 week diets that were ketogenic (KD+PL), ketogenic with ketone salt supplementation (KD+KS), or low fat (LFD). Weight loss was significant (P<0.001) but similar between groups (6.7 to 8.5% of initial body mass, p > 0.05). Composite liver fat assessed by magnetic resonance imaging decreased significantly (p=0.004) but was similar across KD+KS (-42%), KD+PL (-32%), and LFD (-52%) groups (p > 0.05). In the subset of individuals with NAFLD (liver fat >5%), the decreases in liver was of greater magnitude, but similar between the KD groups (-56%, n=7) and LFD (-60%, n=5). There were changes in serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase concentrations over time but no differences between groups. Neither AST nor ALT responses were significant. Conclusions: These results indicate that short-term hypocaloric KDs decrease liver fat independent of supplementation with exogenous ketones and to a similar extent as an energy-matched low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet.
Jeff Volek, PhD, RD (Advisor)
Orlando Simonetti, PhD (Committee Member)
51 p.
Nutrition; Physiology
NAFLD; low-carbohydrate; ketogenic diet; exogenous ketones

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Crabtree, C. D. (2020). Effects of Controlled Hypocaloric Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets on Liver Fat in Overweight/Obese Adults [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586780375128754

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Crabtree, Christopher. Effects of Controlled Hypocaloric Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets on Liver Fat in Overweight/Obese Adults . 2020. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586780375128754.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Crabtree, Christopher. "Effects of Controlled Hypocaloric Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets on Liver Fat in Overweight/Obese Adults ." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586780375128754

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.