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Effect of Beam Characteristics and Process Parameters on the Penetration and Microstructure of Laser and Electron Beam Welds in Stainless Steel and Titanium

Hochanadel, Joris Erich
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu160503470688313

Abstract Details

2020, Master of Science, Ohio State University, Welding Engineering.
High energy density welds are often used in critical applications involving a wide range of structural materials. In most cases, both laser and electron beam welding may be considered for these applications and the ability to use both processes to make comparable welds in terms of both weld profile and microstructure provides considerable process selection flexibility. In this study, autogenous, partial penetration welds on 304 SS, 304L SS, and Ti-6Al-4V were made using both fiber laser and electron beam processes. The main variables of interest, power and travel speed, were varied independently. Beam characterization was performed to determine parameters necessary for similar welding conditions between the two processes. Overfocused electron beams produced a more Gaussian distribution than underfocused beams. Laser beam characterization showed a slight increase in sharp spot size with increasing power, likely due to machine capabilities. Welds were made using sharp focus for laser welds and both a sharp, deflected beam and an overfocused beam for electron beam welds. Depth of penetration varied substantially between process conditions, but a similar trend between processes was observed when comparing area of the fusion zone, suggesting a similar melting efficiency. For defocused electron beam welds, increases in voltage yielded a dip in penetration for increasing power. This was likely due to complications with the machine or the diagnostic tool resulting in a narrower beam at lower voltages. A reduction in melting efficiency was observed in Ti-6Al-4V laser welds as compared to EB welds, likely due to vaporization effects, material properties, or both. Analysis of the depth of penetration for 304L and Ti-6Al-4V laser welds at varying powers and travel speed yielded predictive process maps. Stainless steel alloys showed consistent microstructures with work found in literature for pulsed laser welding. Limited metallographic analysis for Ti-6Al-4V welds was conducted but there is some evidence the presence of high amounts of α’-martensite and large beta grains.
John Lippold (Advisor)
Boyd Panton (Advisor)
Carolin Fink (Committee Member)
101 p.
Materials Science
Electron Beam Welding; Laser Welding; Beam Profiling; Stainless Steel Welding; Titanium Welding; Beam Deflection; Beam Defocus

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Hochanadel, J. E. (2020). Effect of Beam Characteristics and Process Parameters on the Penetration and Microstructure of Laser and Electron Beam Welds in Stainless Steel and Titanium [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu160503470688313

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Hochanadel, Joris. Effect of Beam Characteristics and Process Parameters on the Penetration and Microstructure of Laser and Electron Beam Welds in Stainless Steel and Titanium. 2020. Ohio State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu160503470688313.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Hochanadel, Joris. "Effect of Beam Characteristics and Process Parameters on the Penetration and Microstructure of Laser and Electron Beam Welds in Stainless Steel and Titanium." Master's thesis, Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu160503470688313

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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This open access ETD is published by The Ohio State University and OhioLINK.