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ACTIVATION OF SAPKs, MAPKs AND DOWNSTREAM TARGETS BY HYPOXIA

Conrad, Paul William, III
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin965310725

Abstract Details

2000, PhD, University of Cincinnati, Medicine : Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Hypoxic/ischemic trauma is a primary factor in the pathology of various vascular, pulmonary, and cerebral disease states. Yet, very little is known about the signaling mechanisms by which cells respond to changes in O2 levels. The effects of hypoxia on the stress- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (SAPK and MAPK) signaling pathways were studied in PC12 cells. Exposure to moderate hypoxia (5% O2) was found to progressively stimulate phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinase, p38a (3.1 fold), and a second isoform of this enzyme, p38g (5.9 fold). In contrast, hypoxia had no effect on enzyme activity of p38b, p38b2, p38d, or on JNK, another stress-activated protein kinase. Hypoxia also activated p42/p44 MAPK. Thus, hypoxia regulates specific members of the MAPK and SAPK families. The SAPKs and MAPKs mediate their biological effects via the phosphorylation of downstream kinases, transcription factors, and proteins. Thus, we were interested in identifying targets of the p38 and MAPK pathways during hypoxia. Expression of the cyclin D1 gene has previously been shown to be negatively regulated by p38a (Lavoie et al., 1996). Hypoxia also dramatically down-regulated cyclin D1 immunoreactivity (~80% decreased from control levels). This effect was partially blocked by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38a, but not p38g. Over-expression of a kinase-inactive form of p38g was also able to partially reverse the effect of hypoxia on cyclin D1 levels, suggesting that the p38a and p38g isoforms converge to regulate cyclin D1 during hypoxia. p42/p44 MAPK is known to phosphorylate a number of transcription factors. Endothelial PAS-domain protein 1 (EPAS1) is a transcription factor that rapidly accumulates upon exposing cells to hypoxia. We hypothesized that MAPK was involved in the regulation of EPAS1. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, completely blocked hypoxia-induced trans-activation of a hypoxia response element reporter gene (HRE-luc) by transfected EPAS1. We further show that pre-treatment with calmodulin antagonists nearly completely blocked both the hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and the EPAS1 trans-activation of HRE-luc. These results demonstrate that the MAPK pathway is a critical mediator of EPAS1 activation and that activation of MAPK and EPAS1 occurs through a calmodulin-sensitive pathway.
David Millhorn (Advisor)
95 p.
Biology, Animal Physiology
p38; ERK; EPAS1; cyclin D1

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Conrad, III, P. W. (2000). ACTIVATION OF SAPKs, MAPKs AND DOWNSTREAM TARGETS BY HYPOXIA [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin965310725

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Conrad, III, Paul. ACTIVATION OF SAPKs, MAPKs AND DOWNSTREAM TARGETS BY HYPOXIA. 2000. University of Cincinnati, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin965310725.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Conrad, III, Paul. "ACTIVATION OF SAPKs, MAPKs AND DOWNSTREAM TARGETS BY HYPOXIA." Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin965310725

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

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This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.